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The Rise of Islam
I. Daily life in early Arabia
A. Much of the Arabian peninsula is desert, although there
are mountains in the southwest. Oases are green areas
fed by an underground water source.
B. Early Arabs formed tribes that were headed by a sheikh.
C. The Bedouins were desert herders who traveled from
oasis to oasis to water their animals. Many Arabs lived
in villages near oases.
D. Merchants who transported goods across the desert
formed caravans to protect themselves. Caravans are
groups of traveling merchants and animals.
E. Trade grew. Makkah (also known as Mecca) was the
largest and wealthiest trade center and is an important
religious site visited by pilgrims.
F. In Makkah is the Kaaba, a low square building surrounded
by statues of gods and goddesses. Inside the building is a
large stone believed to come from heaven.
G. Arabs consider Allah(Arabic for God) the creator.
II. Muhammad: Islam’s prophet610 A.D.
• A. Muhammad was accepted as a prophet to the
people of Arabia.
• B. Muhammad was dissatisfied with the ways of his town
leaders and went into the hills to pray. There he was
visited by an angel who told to preach Islam“surrendering to the will of Allah”.
• C. Muhammad returned to Makkah and told the people
to worship one god, Allah. Muhammad also preached
that all people are equal and that the rich should share
their wealth with the poor.
• D. Many poor people began accepting Muhammad’s
message and became Muslims, or followers of Islam.
Wealthy people did not like the message of
Muhammad.
• E. Muhammad and his followers left Makkah for Yathrib.
The journey is known as the Hijrah.
•
F.
Yathrib welcomed the Muslims and renamed
their city Madinah.
G. Muhammad used the laws he believed he had
received from God to rule the people of Madinah,
creating an Islamic state, or a government that
uses political power to uphold Islam.
H. Muhammad built an army to defend his new
government. The army conquered Makkah, and
Muhammad returned to the holy city.
I. Muhammad died two years after his return.
III. Islam’s teaching
• A. Islam, Judaism, and Christianity have some common
beliefs.
• B. The Quran is the holy book of Islam. Moral teachings
in the Quran are similar to those in the Bible.
• C. Many rules in the Quran apply to Muslim’s daily life.
• D. The Five Pillars of Islam, or acts of worship, are to be
followed by all Muslims. The Five Pillars are belief, prayer,
charity, fasting, and pilgrimage.
• E. The Sunna is the name given to the customs based on
Muhammad’s words and deeds.
• F. Islam’s law code is taken from the Quran and Sunna.
Chapter 11 Section 1
Review questions
• Write questions and
answers pg. 378 (1-5)
BELL RINGER
• Have you ever tried to
get someone to believe
what you believe?
Describe it.