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Name: ___________________________________________________________________Period: __________ Date: __________ Charlemagne Standard: Analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics. Essential Question: How did European medieval society develop with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics? Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the importance of Charlemagne. The New Germanic Kingdoms Fall of Rome: Charlemagne and the Carolingians Description: The Growth of European Kingdoms Impact of Feudalism: Franks: Importance: Essential Question: How did European medieval society develop with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics? Rise of England Norman Invasion: Rise of the monarchy: Magna Carta: The English Parliament: Capetian Dynasty Holy Roman Empire Otto I: German States Form: Frederick I: Charlemagne Standard: Analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics. Essential Question: How did European medieval society develop with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics? Explain the manorial system and feudalism; include the status of peasants and feudal monarchies and the importance of Charlemagne. The New Germanic Kingdoms Fall of Rome: after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire a number of states ruled by German kings replaced the Western Roman Empire by 500 Charlemagne and the Carolingians Description: became ruler of the Frankish Kingdom in 768 known as Charles the Great a strong statesman and pious Christian illiterate but supported learning ruled from 768 to 814 expanded the kingdom into what became known as the Carolingian Empire Charlemagne’s power and prestige grew Franks: only German kingdom to endure founder was Clovis converted to Christianity around 500 established a kingdom that reached from the Pyrenees to present-day France and western Germany by 510 AD Importance: covered much of western and central Europe and was unsurpassed until the time of Napoleon in 800 crowned emperor of the Romans by the pope symbolized the coming together of the Roman, Christian, and Germanic elements that forged a new European civilization the spiritual leader of western Christendom had crowned a German king Roman emperor Essential Question: How did European medieval society develop with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics? The Growth of European Kingdoms Impact of Feudalism: The feudal system gave power to many different lords. Gradually, kings began to extend their own powers, and their actions laid the foundations for the European kingdoms that still dominate Europe. The political institutions created by one kingdom, England, impacted the formation of democracy in the United States. Rise of England Norman Invasion: In 1066 an army commanded by William of Normandy defeated King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings. William was crowned king of England and began to combine Anglo-Saxon and Norman institutions. Magna Carta: Rise of the monarchy: Henry II, who ruled from 1154 to 1189, enlarged the power of the English monarchy. He expanded the royal courts’ powers to cover more criminal and property cases. Because the royal courts were all over the land, a body of common law—law common to the whole kingdom—began to replace varying local codes. Resenting the monarchy’s expanding power, many nobles rebelled against King John. In 1215 at Runnymeade, John was forced to sign a document of rights called the Magna Carta, or Great Charter. The Magna Carta gave written recognition to the longstanding feudal idea of mutual rights and obligations between lord and vassal. The Magna Carta was used to strengthen the idea that the monarch had limited power, and it later helped support the concept that individuals are entitled to trial by jury. The English Parliament: The English Parliament emerged in the 1200s during the reign of Edward I and was an important step in developing a representational government. It came to be composed of two knights from every county, two people from every town, and all of England’s nobles and bishops. Later, nobles and church lords formed the House of Lords, and knights and townspeople formed the House of Commons. The Parliament imposed taxes and passed laws. Capetian Dynasty After the death of the last Carolingian king in 987, Hugh Capet became king and founded the Capetian dynasty of French kings. The French monarchy’s power grew under King Philip II Augustus, who ruled from 1180 to 1223. Philip took back by force the French territories ruled by the English. He thereby greatly increased the income and power of the French monarchy. Holy Roman Empire Otto I: In the tenth century powerful Saxon dukes became kings of the eastern Frankish kingdom. The best known of these kings was Otto I, who was crowned emperor of the Romans in 962 in exchange for protection. As leaders of a new Roman Empire, the German kings tried to rule both German and Italian lands. Frederick I: Frederick I considered Italy the center of a “holy empire,” hence the name Holy Roman Empire. His attempt to conquer northern Italy was opposed by the pope and the northern cities. Frederick II wanted to establish a centralized state in Italy but met with the same resistance. German States Form: While the emperors were fighting, Germany was left in the hands of powerful German lords who created many independent states. These many small states kept the German ruler from maintaining a strong central monarchical state. The student should explain the importance of Charlemagne. For the following 24 questions students should read in their text Chapter 13 Section 1 beginning on page 353 to 357. They should reply with short answers to each question to the best of their ability within 25 minutes. 1. Who is Charlemagne? 2. What is the Carolingian dynasty? 3. What happened to Charlemagne in 771 CE? 4. What is the Frankish Kingdom? 5. How does Charlemagne extend Frankish rule? 6. What did Charlemagne do to make him important? 7. Charlemagne’s Empire was larger in 800 CE than what empire? 8. What Pope crowned Charlemagne emperor of Europe? 9. The crowning of Charlemagne signaled the joining of what three institutions? 10. Who was the ruler of the Byzantine Empire in 800 CE? 11. What event did the crowning of Charlemagne extend between the West and the East? 12. What reasoning can be deduced that motivated Pope Leo III to crown Charlemagne as emperor of Europe? 13. How will Charlemagne strengthen his royal power? 14. What did Charlemagne’s royal agents do? 15. What was a count? 16. How did Charlemagne challenge traditional Germanic government? 17. In what way did Charlemagne lead a revival of learning? 18. Who succeeded Charlemagne? 19. What does Pious mean? 20. Was Charlemagne successor an effective ruler? 21. Who did Louis the Pious leave the kingdom to? 22. What did Louis’ successors do with the kingdom? 23. What was the Treaty of Verdun of 843 CE? 24. What was the result of the Treaty of Verdun on the Carolingian kings? The student should explain the importance of Charlemagne. For the following 24 questions students should read in their text Chapter 13 Section 1 beginning on page 353 to 357. They should reply with short answers to each question to the best of their ability within 25 minutes. 1. Who is Charlemagne? (356) 2. What is the Carolingian dynasty? (356) 3. What happened to Charlemagne in 771 CE? (356) 4. What is the Frankish Kingdom? (356) 5. How does Charlemagne extend Frankish rule? (356-7) 6. What did Charlemagne do to make him important? (356-7) 7. Charlemagne’s Empire was larger in 800 CE than what empire? (357) 8. What Pope crowned Charlemagne emperor of Europe? (357) 9. The crowning of Charlemagne signaled the joining of what three institutions? (357) 10. Who was the ruler of the Byzantine Empire in 800 CE? 11. What event did the crowning of Charlemagne extend between the West and the East?(302) 12. What reasoning can be deduced that motivated Pope Leo III to crown Charlemagne as emperor of Europe? 13. How will Charlemagne strengthen his royal power? (357) 14. What did Charlemagne’s royal agents do? (357) 15. What was a count? (357) 16. How did Charlemagne challenge traditional Germanic government? 17. In what way did Charlemagne lead a revival of learning? (357) 18. Who succeeded Charlemagne? (357) 19. What does Pious mean? 20. Was Charlemagne successor an effective ruler? (357) 21. Who did Louis the Pious leave the kingdom to? (357) 22. What did Louis’ successors do with the kingdom? (357) 23. What was the Treaty of Verdun of 843 CE? (357) 24. What was the result of the Treaty of Verdun on the Carolingian kings? (357) The student should explain the importance of Charlemagne. For the following 24 questions students should read in their text Chapter 13 Section 1 beginning on page 353 to 357. They should reply with short answers to each question to the best of their ability within 25 minutes. 1. Who is Charlemagne? (356) The son of Pepin the Short and co-ruler, with Carloman, of the Frankish Empire under the Carolingian dynasty. 2. What is the Carolingian dynasty? (356) A family rule of the Franks that will begin in 751 CE until 987. The dynasty will begin when Charles “The Hammer” Martel will pass his rule to his son Pepin the Short. 3. What happened to Charlemagne in 771 CE? (356) Carloman died and Charlemagne became sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom 4. What is the Frankish Kingdom? (356) It is one of several kingdoms that rose up in what was formerly known as Rome. Frankish Kingdom was the largest that began in the Roman province of Gaul. 5. How does Charlemagne extend Frankish rule? (356-7) He will expand the empire through military conquest against Muslims or other Germanic tribes the surround the borders of the Frankish Kingdom. 6. What did Charlemagne do to make him important? (356-7) He reunited Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire and built an empire greater than any other since ancient Rome. 7. Charlemagne’s Empire was larger in 800 CE than what empire? (357) Byzantine Empire 8. What Pope crowned Charlemagne emperor of Europe? (357) Pope Leo III 9. The crowning of Charlemagne signaled the joining of what three institutions? (357) Germanic power, the Church and the heritage of the Roman Empire 10. Who was the ruler of the Byzantine Empire in 800 CE? Empress Irene 11. What event did the crowning of Charlemagne extend between the West and the East?(302) It was another political event to lead to the Christian Schism of 1054. 12. What reasoning can be deduced that motivated Pope Leo III to crown Charlemagne as emperor of Europe? The Byzantine Empire declared to have unified the West and East again like Constantine of Rome had done. The Pope was showing no respect for the rule of a female of the Byzantine Empire by appointing a German Emperor to rule over the western half. 13. How will Charlemagne strengthen his royal power? (357) By limiting the authority of the nobles 14. What did Charlemagne’s royal agents do? (357) To govern his empire, made sure the counts governed justly. 15. What was a count? (357) Powerful landholders in Europe at the time 16. How did Charlemagne challenge traditional Germanic government? He centralized it. (Visited every part of kingdom, kept a close watch on the management of his huge estates-the source of Carolingian wealth and power) 17. In what way did Charlemagne lead a revival of learning? (357) Encouraged learning by surrounding himself with English, German, Italian and Spanish scholars. He opened a palace school for his children and those children of the members of his court. He also ordered monasteries to open schools to train monks and priests. The time of increased learning is known as the Carolingian Renaissance. 18. Who succeeded Charlemagne? (357) His son Louis the Pious 19. What does Pious mean? The Webster dictionary defines it as marked by or showing reverence (respect) for deity and devotion to divine worship. 20. Was Charlemagne successor an effective ruler? (357) Though Louis was devoutly religious man, he was an ineffective ruler. 21. Who did Louis the Pious leave the kingdom to? (357) He left it to his three sons; Lothair, Charles the Bald and Louis the German 22. What did Louis’ successors do with the kingdom? (357) They fought one another for control of the Empire. 23. What was the Treaty of Verdun of 843 CE? (357) A treaty all brothers signed dividing the empire into three kingdoms. 24. What was the result of the Treaty of Verdun on the Carolingian kings? (357) Carolingian kings lost their power and central authority broke down. Eventually this lack of central authority led to a new system of governing and landholding known as feudalism.