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The Beginning of the American Civil War 16.1 Abraham Lincoln • Lincoln’s election of 1860 was the event that triggered the secession of the Southern states • S.C. declares their independence prior to Lincoln taking office. • More states will follow War Erupts • When the Southern States seceded from the Union, they took over the federal forts within the Confederacy • Fort Sumter, commanded by Maj. Robert Anderson tried to hold onto the fort, but supplies were limited • Confederate Brigadier General Beauregard was sent to confiscate the fort Lincoln’s Decision • Sending supplies = war • Doing nothing = turns a fort over to the rebels • Confederate leaders were informed by Lincoln that he was sending supplies • 4:30am April, 12,1861 the island is bombarded • After 34 hrs of constant shelling, Anderson surrendered the fort • No one was killed • The war had begun Voice from the past (p.481) Lincoln Calls Out the Militia • 2 days after Ft. Sumter Pres. Lincoln asks for 75,000 militiamen for 90 day enlistment • They didn’t think it would take long to put down the Southern uprising • Citizens of the North responded with enthusiasm to the call to arms. A New York woman wrote, “It seems as if we never were alive till now; never had a country till now.” • The governor of Kentucky said that the state would “furnish no troops for the wicked purpose of subduing her sister Southern States.” • In the weeks that followed, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas voted to join the Confederacy • Southern volunteers rushed to enlist, just as citizens did in the North War Enthusiasm • Young men eagerly enlisted to join the war before it was over – sense of adventure • A young Arkansas enlistee wrote, “So impatient did I become for starting that I felt like ten thousand pins were pricking me in every part of the body, and started off a week in advance of my brothers.” • When Virginia seceded, Lee resigned from the United States Army and joined the Confederacy. • Although Lee opposed slavery and secession, he explained, “I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children.” • Lee became the commanding general of the Army of Northern Virginia Choosing Sides • The border states—Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri – slave states that stayed in the Union • Western counties in Virginia broke away with the help of some federal troops (became West Virginia) • If Maryland seceded, then Washington, D.C., would be cut off from the Union Strengths & Weaknesses • The Union had huge advantages in manpower and resources • 22 million people • About 85 percent of the nation’s factories • 2X the RR’s • Almost all the naval power and shipyards • Abraham Lincoln The Confederate Advantages • Able generals, such as Robert E. Lee • Fighting a defensive war • (didn’t have to send supplies far) • Motivated to protect their homes from Northern invaders Confederate Strategy • Defensive position • “All we ask is to be let alone,” said Confederate President Jefferson Davis • King Cotton as a way to win foreign support • Back fired because of a European surplus The Union Strategy • Bring the Southern states back into the Union • General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan • Blockade • Control the Miss. River • Some of the Union leadership wanted an immediate attack on Richmond (Conf. capital) • Pres. Lincoln ordered an invasion in the summer of 1861 1st Battle of Bull Run • On the way to Richmond, the Union Army had to defeat the Confederate troops near Manassas,VA. • July 21, 1861 Read page 485 Civil War Journal Assignment • You need: • 5 sheets of paper • Fold hamburger style (3 staples along the side) • Create a cover page which represents you and your side (Union or Confederate) • Write your name and period on the back page • Each Journal entry will need to be at least a paragraph entry (5-6 sentences) and an illustration! Entry #1 • Identify who you are and where you come from. How did you feel after you heard about Ft. Sumter? Describe your excitement/fear for joining the war.