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Vietnam War Nuclear Warfare Museum Entrance Persian Gulf War Prototype Nuke Cuban Missles Korean War Welcome to the Museum of Cold War Conflicts Curator’s Offices Professor of Google Searching: Hunter Brooks Curator’s Office Hello my name is Hunter Brooks and I enjoy warm hugs, and biological/chemical warfare. The idea of thermonuclear radiation smelting the Earth during a COLD war, ohh the irony brings me so much joy. Enjoy the presentation and any questions please feel free to ask, unless they are to hard questions then use Google please. Place your picture here. Contact me at [Your linked email address] Return to Entry Korean War Room 1 Return to Entry Vietnam War Room 2 Return to Entry Cuban Missle Crisis Room 3 Return to Entry Persian Gulf War Room 4 Return to Entry Arms Race Room 5 Return to EntryMuseum Entrance Artifact 5: Operation Rolling Thunder Rolling Thunder was the first offensive the United States inputted to the war, also the longest lasting. The United States had offered military aid and troops, but due to the new theory of the Domino Effect we entered the war. The Domino Effect Theory in short terms means that if parts of Asia fall to communism then the rest will. Rolling Thunder instituted the mass bombardment of Northern Vietnam cities and known “hideout” to weaken morale. Although they continued this effort and destroyed many hideouts, it made attitude towards western lands very resentful leading to the loss of the war later on. "What Was the Cold War?" WiseGEEK. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 6: Battle of La Drang On November 14, 1965, the 1st battalion of the 7th Cavalry was ordered to the Ia Drang Valley of South Vietnam with a simple mission - find and kill the enemy (search and destroy). The 450 man battalion, led by Lieutenant Colonel Hal Moore, was pitted against over 2000 North Vietnamese regulars entrenched in the valley. Without reliable roads the men had to be flied in on hueys, these hueys were the biggest part of the war. Due to the hueys support and the bombings the United States only lost 79 soldiers while the PAVN lost 634 fighters. This was the first major of the Vietnam war and it only lasted 2 days. (This was the battle based on the movie We Were Soldiers). "History Greatest Military Defeats [Archive] - Military Photos." History Greatest Military Defeats [Archive] Military Photos. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to ExhibitRoom 2 Artifact 7: Tet Offensive The Tet Offensive was the turning point in Vietnam War. At 3 in the morning of Jan. 31, 1968, North Vietnamese and Vietcong forces launched a wave of simultaneous attacks on South Vietnamese and American forces in major cities, towns and military bases throughout South Vietnam. This led to the unanimous disapproval of the Vietnam War by the American public. With the American forces and South Vietnamese in ruins the war beginning turning for the Vietcong. "Tet Offensive." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 8: Battle of Koh Tang/ Mayaguez Incident The last battle was Koh Tang, a rescue mission to recover the 40 crewmembers under hostage on the SS Mayaguez went very badly. A fresh out of training battalion was sent into the island 29 miles off of Cambodia and Vietnam. Badly numbered and badly outmatched led to the height of 200 marines to be surrounded. Once the rescue was over the marines began extraction and while most of the alive marines got out they ended up leaving three men behind on the island covered with enemies. "Welcome to the Koh Tang/Mayaguez Veterans Organization Website." Koh Tang / Mayaguez Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 1: Naktong Bulge On August 5, 4th Infantry Division, North Korean People's Army (KPA), crossed the Naktong River in the vicinity of Yongsan, attempting to cut US supply lines to the north as well as gaining a bridgehead into the Pusan Perimeter. Opposing it was the 24th Infantry Division of the Eighth United States Army. Over the next two weeks, American and North Korean forces fought a bloody series of engagements inflicting heavy casualties on one another in a confusing series of attacks and counterattacks, but neither side was able to gain the upper hand. These brutal battles became the first engagements and led the rest of the war. In the end, the US forces, aided by reinforcements, air support and heavy weapons, destroyed the invading North Korean force which was hampered by lack of supply and high desertion rates. "Korean War: First Battle of the Naktong Bulge." History Net Where History Comes Alive World US History Online Korean War First Battle of the Naktong Bulge Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 2: Operation Killer 20th February- 6th March 1951 Operation Killer was the first big assault on the Chinese and North Korean forces by the United Nations forces. Three battalions, 2nd Division, 9th Infantry, and 23rd Infantry attacked a main sector in the North Korean’s defenses. Once they were over ran the battalions forced them over the Chucon River. From there the battalions dispersed the remaining troops northward. Only 59 United Nations troops were killed, while 7819 Chinese and North Korean forces died. It was a very productive preemptive strike setting the tide of the war. "Operation Killer." Operation Killer. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 3: Operation Ripper Operation Ripper, also known as the Fourth Battle of Seoul, was a United Nations military operation conceived by the commander US Eighth Army, General Matthew Ridgway, during the Korean War. The operation was intended to destroy as much as possible of the Chinese communist People's Volunteer Army and North Korean military around Seoul and the towns of Hongch'on, 50 miles (80 km) east of Seoul, and Ch'unch'on, 15 miles (24 km) further south. The operation also aimed to bring UN troops to the 38th parallel. This plan also had the largest artillery strike in the Korean War. "Operation Ripper." Operation Ripper. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 4: Battle of Kumsong The Battle of Kumsong was the last battle in the Korean War and marked the end of the conflict between the two halves of Korea. The leader of Republic of Korea (South Korea now) refused to participate in the peace negotiation, this led to the Chinese forces to attack. This battle was held in the Kumsong sector, Chinese forces first came in the river salient and took the “White Tiger” division prisoners. The ROK 4th, 6th, and 8th division attacked the Chinese forces, this battle was one of the longest. While neither side one the battle was continued until the Korean Armistice Agreement was signed ending the war. "SCHIELE.US Battle of Kumsong River Salient Page." SCHIELE.US Battle of Kumsong River Salient Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 9: Missiles in Turkey and Italy The Cuban Missile Crisis was started by the United States when they erected missiles in neighboring countries of the Soviet Union. The nuclear missiles were medium range ballistic missiles called Jupiter IRBM’s were placed with nuclear warheads and aimed at Moscow. While these were stated “are only to protect American interest” the Soviet Union initiated a counter plan. "Cuban Missile Crisis." Cuban Missile Crisis. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014 Return to Exhibit Artifact 10: Soviet Union’s Missile After the United States’ big move of putting missiles with nuclear warheads in Turkey and Italy the Soviet Union retaliated in a very threatening way. Khrushchev met with Fidel Castro and made a deal to transport nuclear warheads to Cuba. Immediately Soviet engineers began constructing missile silos, even though the war heads would never reach Cuba. The Soviet Union’s navy started the long journey to take the missiles across the Atlantic. "Cuban Missile Crisis." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 11: On the Brink of Nuclear War U-2 Pilot Major Rudolf Anderson was on a routine spy mission over Cuba that have been conducted for many years when he was hit by a Cuban S-75 Dvina surface-to-air missile. Before shot down Anderson transmitted that he saw missile silos being made. More information was recovered leading to the Americans learning of the nuclear warheads. A blockade was made and many phone calls between United States and Soviet Union led to nuclear war being on the next step. "Nuclear War." Liberty References RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 12: Moscow-Washington Hotline With Soviet Union ships miles off the coast of Cuba and United States Navy blocking their path, nuclear war was on the verge of destroying the world. Behind the scenes Kennedy and Khrushchev made secret agreements, soon the Soviet Union ships docked and publically dismantled their war heads. The United States publically announced never to invade Cuba, but behind the scenes they removed their missiles in Turkey and Italy. Due to the very fast paced calls the Soviet Union and the United States created the MoscowWashington Hotline, which is still being used and denoted in public culture as the “Red Phone”. "About the Crisis | Cuban Missile Crisis." Cuban Missile Crisis. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 13: Iraq Invades Kuwait On August 2nd, 1990 Iraq invaded the oil rich Kuwait, this erupted into a huge coalition to save 34 countries precious oil bank. The coalition was the largest since World War II, the main leaders though were the United States, Britain, and Saudi Arabia. Immediately sanctions were placed on Iraq while the troops gathered to make quick work of the lone country. "Persian Gulf War." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 14: Coalition Strikes Back The war or Operation Desert Storm began with a huge aerial bombardment on the 17th January, 1991. Then the ground assault began and drove the Iraq forces out of Kuwait. This war was very fast and simple, but the cease-fire made by the United Nations was very controversial and eventually led to the 2003 Iraq War. But in the end of the Cold War this was a swift victory leaving the investors oil fields free for business. The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Persian Gulf War (1991)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 16: The Controversial Cease Fire At the end of the Persian Gulf War the United Nations set certain limitations and searching right against Iraq. These seemed like a very just and productive conclusion to the Gulf War, but it would eventually lead to the Iraq War. Due to the United Nation’s limitations on types of weapons and the weapon searching in the country a new war broke out that would dwarf the Gulf War. "– ÍŒ ^‚Ì’T‚µ•¨." – ÍŒ ^Ì‚’T‚µ•¨. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 17: How Nukes Work Nuclear weapons are very complicated bombs, not only do you have to worry where you aim them, but also at what altitude, the time of detonation, and the velocity of the speed of the atoms. The first atom bombs were made by the Manhattan Project, and used a gun-type reaction. A large mass of Uranium was held in a separate tank and when the explosion was ready to take place it was shot out of the storage tank into another mass of Uranium. This caused a nuclear reaction of fission, meaning nuclear radiation and thermonuclear heat to be propelled out of the hypocenter of the explosion. This creates an explosion as large of fourteen kilotons of TNT. "How Do Nukes Work?" Yahoo! Answers. Yahoo!, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 18: First Lightning The United States was very cocky about having the first nuclear weapons, and when the Cold War began they began conducting more test and mass producing nukes. They estimated the Soviet Union would not have nuclear weapons until the 1950’s, but on August 29th, 1949 the Soviet Union exploded their first nuke: First Lightning. Just as the nuclear bomb, the arms race erupted leading to the most fast paced nuclear weapons output the world had seen. PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014 Return to Exhibit Artifact 19: The U.S. Hydrogen Bomb The United States in the arms race were relentless and brutal, they immediately looked for a way to oneup the atom bomb. The answer was nuclear fusion using heavier positively charged hydrogen atoms. Due to all positively charged ions the force separating the atoms are greater, and in the bomb the atoms are on opposite sides. But when the bomb is detonated pressure and heat send the atoms together ignoring polarity, this creates an explosion equal to 10.4 megatons of TNT. "Concorde." Info. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 20: S.U.’s Hydrogen Bomb The Soviet Union was of course as determined as the United States to dominate in weaponry and would use any methods to dominate in the arms race. Espionage is what brought the Soviet’s their hydrogen bomb, after the copy of fat man, the Soviet’s then used the same formula to create their first hydrogen bomb. While this was a far nuclear weaponry came in the Cold War this was still a high tensioned discovery. "Publishers | Become An Affiliate | L J Processing." Publishers | Become An Affiliate | L J Processing. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Artifact 21: Tsar Bomba The hydrogen bomb was the pinnacle of thermonuclear warfare, but did anything surpass it? Not exactly, this bomb was different because by changing the type of fission occurring. Now the hydrogen bomb used slow-fission reaction to greatly increase the explosion, but decreases the fallout. This being ideal not only for testing, but for real battle use so that the land would be ready to reused in the invading country. Anissimov, Michael, and Bronwyn Harris. WiseGeek. Conjecture, 20 Mar. 2014. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. Return to Exhibit Back Wall: Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was the leader in making nuclear weapons for World War II and are credited with creating nuclear weapons as we know it. Although the project was started years before the war began, after the war it was booming. At the pinnacle of the project it had 130,000 employees and $26 billion dollars in our term today. Manhattan Project founded Little Boy, Fat Man, the first hydrogen bomb, and the U.S. equivalent of the Tsar Bomba. The effort was a mix between Britain, Canada, and the United States. •The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Manhattan Project (United States History)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. •What Return to Exhibit