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Unit 7 Vocabulary Study Guide Fascism ▪ A belief that stresses the importance of a nation or ethnic group. ▪ The leader of the group as total control ▪ Created my Mussolini Nazism ▪ A set of political beliefs associated with the Nazi Party of Germany ▪ Based on extreme racist or authoritarian views or behavior ▪ Used by Hitler during the Third Reich Totalitarianism ▪ A government that has total control of its people ▪ The state comes before the individual ▪ Leaders use fear to maintain their rule ▪ Major totalitarian rulers during WWII: Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin Appeasement ▪ A strategy used to keep peace by giving into the demands of an aggressive nation ▪ Used by Great Britain during WWII. They attempted to keep peace in Europe by giving into the demands of Hitler ▪ Munich Conference- Nevil Chamberlin agreed to give Hitler the Sudetenland. ▪ The policy proved to be ineffective in keeping peace during WWII. Non-Aggression Pact ▪ Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, in which the two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years. ▪ The two countries agreed to dived Poland and other parts of Europe ▪ Was violated by Hitler when he sent troops to invade the Soviet Union. Neutrality Acts ▪ They were passed by congress in an attempt to keep the U.S. from entering into WII. ▪ These acts prohibited the sale of arms or of lending $$ to countries involved in any military action. ▪ Roosevelt was convinced that that the Acts only fueled Axis aggression. Office of War Mobilization ▪ Coordinated all government agencies during WWII ▪ Headed by James F. Byrnes Office of Price Administration ▪ During WWI it attempted to keep inflation in check ▪ It regulated: prices, wages, and rationing Double V Campaign ▪ The Pittsburgh Courier called for a double victory for AfricanAmericans: End discrimination at home and abroad ▪ Campaigned for racial equality and integration of the armed forces Tuskegee Airman ▪ The first black servicemen to serve as military aviators in the U.S. armed forces, flying with distinction during World War II. Navajo Code Talkers ▪ Navajo Indians who served as Marine during WWII. ▪ They used their native language as a secret code to transmit messages in the pacific theater. ▪ Their codes were never broken by the enemy. Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) ▪ The case that challenged the constitutionality of Japanese internment camps (executive order 9066) ▪ The court upheld that they were justifiable during a time of “emergency and peril” Island Hopping ▪ The United State’s strategy for gaining control of the Pacific theater during WWII. ▪ Key Islands would be captured and used as bases as the U.S. moved inward to the Japanese mainland. Kamikaze Pilots ▪ Japanese suicide pilots that would crash their plans into ships in the Pacific during WWII. ▪ The First Kamikaze Pilots were used in the Battle of Leyte Gulf. General Dwight D. Eisenhower ▪ Supreme commander of Allied forces in Western Europe during World War II. ▪ He led the massive invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe that began on D-Day (June 6, 1944). ▪ He later became President of the Untied States General Douglas MacArthur ▪ General who commanded the Southwest Pacific in World War II ▪ He oversaw the successful Allied occupation of postwar Japan ▪ After being forced to leave the Philippines to Australia after it was taken over by Japan he famously returned to liberate the Philippines in 1944. ▪ Fought in the Battle of Leyte Gulf that was key to the liberation of the Philippines Admiral Chester Nimitz ▪ Commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet during World War II ▪ Led the Island Hopping Campaign in the Pacific.