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What are blood types? There are 3 alleles or genes for blood type: A, B, & O. Since we have 2 genes, there are 6 possible combinations. Blood Types AA or AO = Type A BB or BO = Type B OO = Type O AB = Type AB Average Percents… Type O—46% Type A—40% Type B—10% Type AB—4% • • • • Rh Factors • Scientists sometimes study Rhesus monkeys to learn more about the human anatomy because there are certain similarities between the two species. While studying Rhesus monkeys, a certain blood protein was discovered. This protein is also present in the blood of some people. Other people, however, do not have the protein. • The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is referred to as the Rh (for Rhesus) factor. • If your blood contains the protein, your blood is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). If your blood does not contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-). http://www.fi.edu/biosci/blood/rh.html A+ AB+ BAB+ ABO+ O- Blood Typing Test Determines blood type and compatibility • Figure 19–7 Red blood cell compatibility table Recipient OO+ AA+ BB+ ABAB+ Donor O- O+ A- A+ B- B+ AB- AB+ the AB+ blood type is referred to as the "universal recipient", as it possesses neither Anti-B or Anti-A antibodies in its plasma, and can receive both Rhpositive and Rh-negative blood. Similarly, the O− blood type is called the "universal donor"; since its red blood cells have no A or B antigens and are Rh-negative, no other blood type will reject it. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn • A child is Rh positive in Rh negative mother • B during pregnancy fetal Rh positive RBC’s escape into maternal circulation • C Mother produces antibodies to Rh (D) antigen. First baby passes unharmed. • D Second pregnancy with Rh (D) positive child, these antibodies can cross the placenta & cause destruction of fetal D positive RBC’s. • This is why Rh negative females are given Rhogam after birth of Rh positive baby.