Download 9 Comp Parts of Speech

8/27
Nouns:
Person: woman
Place: school
Thing: ball
Idea: enthusiasm
Common :: Proper:
Woman :: Suzanne
School :: American Preparatory Academy
Ball :: National Football League Regulation Size Football
A compound noun is one composed of at least 2 words (sometimes hyphenated).
Examples:
Mother-in-law
Board of members
Court-martial
Forget-me-not
Manservant
9/10
Pronouns—words that take the place of nouns.
[List of commonly used pronouns on pages 9-11]
Woman:: her
Ball:: it
School:: there
ADJECTIVES
Write 8-10 different words to
describe this picture:
ADJECTIVES
Write 8-10
different
words to
describe this
picture:
ADJECTIVES
Write 8-10 words to
describe this picture:
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives:
Modify a noun, which means to describe the word or to make its meaning more
definite.
An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by answers one of these questions:
-What kind?
-Which one?
-How many?
Ex:
Gray sky
That girl
Five fingers
ADJECTIVES
Possessive Pronoun Adjectives:
My sister
Your book
Our team.
Their tents.
Proper Adjectives: Nouns that are used as adjectives
Texas chili
Jackson concert
Sioux warrior
ADJECTIVES
Articles:
A, an , the
A=used before a word with a consonant sound.
An=used before a word with a vowel sound.
A girl won.
This is an honor.
Identify the adjective(s) in the following sentences:
-The old, wet dog limped into the house after his long night in the storm.
-The child, usually happy and playful, was not feeling well after her first day of
Elementary School.
VERBS
Turn these words into sentences:
Cat
Pebbles
George Orwell
Students
VERBS
A noun or pronoun must ACT in some way, or something must be said about it for it to
be a part of a sentence.
Verb: A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement.
Action Verbs:
Do
believe
Come
know
Go
understand
Write
think
VERBS
Action Verbs:
Transitive: A verb is transitive when the action it expresses is directed toward a
person or thing named in the sentence:
Neil rang the bell. [The action of the word rang is directed toward the bell. The verb is
transitive.]
Tina mailed the package. [The action of mailed is toward the word package. The verb
is transitive.]
Words that receive the action of the verb are called objects
What are the objects in the above sentences?
VERBS
Action Verbs:
Intransitive: A verb is intransitive when it expresses action (or helps make a
statement) without reference to an object.
Last Saturday we stayed inside. [action not directed toward a noun]
The children laughed. [action not directed toward a noun]
The band marched past the crowd. [action not directed toward a noun]
Label each sentence, T=transitive; I=intransitive
Marcie studied her notes.
Marcie studied very late.
The poet wrote a sonnet.
The poet wrote carefully.
VERBS
Linking/Helping Verbs:
Words that help link two words or make a statement.
**The most commonly used linking verbs are forms of the verb be. Reference the list
on pages 19-20 for further reading.**
Examples:
The answer is three. [answer=three]
Rhonda will be the captain. [Rhonda=captain]
The casserole tasted strange. [strange casserole]
The worker looked tired. [tired worker]
LINKING/HELPING VERBS SONG
____, ____, ______, _____, _____,_____, ____,
______, ____, _____, _____, _____, ______, ____,
______, _________, ______, _________,
_____________, _______, ________, ________
VERBS
Verbs have tenses:
Base
Present part.
Past
Past part.
help
helping
helped
has helped
want
wanting
wanted
did want
Say
saying
said
was saying
Past Participle has 2 functions:
-Adjective: The car is heated. We had a heated argument
-Part of a Verb: The stove has heated the room.
VERBS
Verbs: helping verbs allow for a smoother, more grammatically correct sentence, they
are placed in front of the main verb.
Ie: She will be helping at the market this weekend.
Common Helping Verbs:
To Be
To Have
To do
is
has
do
am
have
does
are
had
did
was
can
were
Would
VERBS PRACTICE
Complete the sentence with the correct for of the verb in parentheses:
1.) Marcy (understand)
the homework from last night.
2.) Chris and Mike (help)
at the fruit stand tomorrow.
3.) You (help)
tomorrow also.
4.) How many baskets of fruit (sell)
5.) Make sure you (wear)
last week?
sunscreen!
VERB PHRASES
Verbs do not always stand alone. Often we combine linking verbs with action verbs to
form verb phrases.
A “phrase” is two or more words serving as one part of speech; in this case, a “verb
phrase”
Example: Consider the verb phrase in the following sentences:
We are running a race.
Sherri was not laughing at all. Awkward.
Michael and Dwight were always competing for the position of Regional Manager.
ADVERBS
An adverb is a word that is used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Adverbs answer these questions:
-Where?
When?
How?
To what extent? (How long or how much?)
Ie:
We lived there.
May we go tomorrow?
She quickly agreed.
I am completely happy.
ADVERBS
Adverbs may precede or may follow the verbs they modify, and sometimes they may
interrupt parts of the verb phrase. Adverbs may also introduce questions.
Ie:
Where in the world did you ever find that pink and purple necktie?
[the adverb where modifies the verb phrase did find. Notice, too, the adverb ever,
which interrupts the verb phrase and also modifies it.]
Adverbs modifying adjective:
Beth did an exceptionally fine job.
What word is exceptionally modifying?
**Note: adverbs that modify adjectives usually end in –ly**
10/8 ADVERBS
An adverb describes HOW, WHEN, WHERE and TO WHAT EXTENT, an action happens.
1.) What question does the adverb answer?
Christine quickly read the book.
2.) Emma left early.
3.) Lily and Ben play music together often.
4.) George and Melissa live there.
10/8
The verb is highlighted in each sentence. Identify the adverb and the question it
answers.
1.) Mike and James skateboard often.
2.) Christine practices yoga daily.
3.) Margaret dances freely in the park.
4.) The wind blows drearily through the valley.
5.) She often leaves the house open at night.
6.) I will read that book quickly.
7.) He studies diligently.
8.) She demonstrated integrity early in her career.
9.) Yesterday I went to the grocery store.
PREPOSITIONS
Preposition:
A word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to some other word in the
sentence.
There is a list of commonly used prepositions found on page 32-33.
To the mall
In the box
On the house
With the family.
CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunction:
Joins words or groups of words.
Coordinating conjunctions:
correlative conjunctions:
And
both….and
But
not only…but also
Or
either…or
**Coordinating conjunctions always connect words of groups of words of the same
kind.
**correlative conjunctions connect items of the same kind, however, they are always
used in pairs.
INTERJECTIONS
Interjections:
An exclamatory word that expresses emotion. It has not grammatical relation to the
rest of the sentence.
Hey!
Wow!
Whew!
Ugh!
Well,
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions:
Links nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other nouns in the sentence.
A preposition usually indicates the temporal, logical, or spatial relationship of its
object to the rest of the sentence.
The book is on the table.
--’on’ allows the reader to understand exactly where the book is in space.
The children climbed the mountain without fear.
There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.
PREPOSITIONS
Identify what the underlined preposition does in the sentences below:
The spider crawled slowly along the banister.
The dog is hiding under the porch.
Now, identify the preposition in each sentence:
Steven took his math test with a bright green crayon.
The screenwriter searched for the manuscript.
The mouse ran quickly but quietly along the hallway’s edge.
There are many restaurants within the old city.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Preposition and the object of the preposition.
The dog hid under the porch.
‘under’ is the preposition, to figure out the object of the preposition you must ask
yourself, ‘under where?’
Under the porch is the prepositional phrase.
you try: Identify the prepositional phrase.
She read the book during class.
She held the book over the table.
The book is on the table.
COMPLETE SENTENCES
In your everyday conversations, you might not use complete sentences, which is
totally okay!
When you are writing, however, you should express your ideas in clear, complete
sentences.
A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought.
A fragment is a piece of a sentence.
COMPLETE SENTENCES
Dialogue:
Student A: “Sup”
Student B: “nothing, you?”
Student A: “Just getting ready to go to Ms. Daniell’s comp. class”
Student B: “Oh, sweet, me too, don’t forg…”
Student A: [interrupts]”Did you see that crazy catch last night? It was tight”
Student B: “Oh yea! So awesome”
Analyze: Do you know what these students are talking about?
TOPIC SENTENCES
A topic sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
Write a topic sentence to unite these details:
I love to experiment with new flavors and new recipes.
I like the challenge of using what I have in the fridge, without going to the store.
Cooking is a great way to relieve stress and clear the mind.
Sometimes the best thing after a long day is a well cooked meal.
COMPLETE SENTENCES
Thumbs up=complete thought (sentence)
Thumbs down=incomplete thought (fragment)—make it complete.
1. We looked into the room.
2. The room with the high ceiling.
3. The clerk was waiting by the door.
4. Waiting by the door.
5. After you have finished the test.
6. Who has finished the test?
FRAGMENTS/COMPLETE SENTENCES
Make these fragments into complete sentences:
1. Chicken and rice.
2. From August to October.
3. The president of our club.
COMPLETE SENTENCES—SUBJECTS AND
PREDICATES
A sentence consists of two parts:
Subject: something is being said—the topic of the sentence
Predicate: something is being said about the topic.
**The complete subject is the topic or main word and all of the words describing that
word***
Coyotes were howling in the distance.
The telephone in the lobby rang.
The woman in the red blouse is my aunt.
In dim light, will this camera take pictures?
On the table was a sliver vase.
Does Brian’s car have a CD player?
--green=complete subject.
SUBJECTS
Now, on a piece of paper that you can turn in, identify the complete subject in the
following lines.
1. The Solar Maximum Mission satellite had made spectacular discoveries about
solar flares.
2. James van Hoften and George Nelson, American astronauts, were assigned to
repair the ailing dock.
3. A docking adapter on the front of his spacesuit failed to latch onto the special pin
on the satellite.
4. Van Hoften removed the panel covering the electronics box.
5. Is the eighteen-foot-tall satellite still in orbit?
SENTENCES—SIMPLE SUBJECTS
Simple Subject: main word or group of words in the complete subject.
--the simple subject is the one word topic that the sentence is all about.
Ex:
Their scientific discoveries made them famous.
Identify the subject:
Identify the simple subject:
The eloquent Martin Luther King Jr., made many fine speeches.
Complete subject:
Simple Subject:
SENTENCES—SIMPLE PREDICATES
Simple Predicate: The verb or verb phrase.
Ex:
Mark could have accidentally taken my book.
Complete predicate:
Simple predicate:
My aunt was sitting on the sofa.
Complete predicate:
Simple predicate: