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Bi 10a,10b,10c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiXcsoMj b54 What struck you the most about this video? • In relation to infection…. What? Something that causes an infection How? • Deplete nutrients • Release toxins that damage cells It doesn’t specifically target ONE pathogen General defense= not specific defense It is the first line of defense of the body How? • Physical barrier=won’t allow pathogens to enter • Secretions of Mucus, Sweat, Tears that contains fighting agents Presence of bacteria in the bloodstream Mortality Rate 36% Adults 60% Children White blood cells come to the rescue LYMPHOCYTES= white blood cells The second line of defense begins This mechanism is specific for the type of pathogen Produced where? BONE MARROW Found where? BLOOD and LYMPH NODES Antigen-is a protein molecule recognized by the immune system as foreign. It is a protein that is carried by a pathogen It is found on the cell membrane of bacteria or the protein coat of viruses. If the protein is NOT YOURS, it is recognized as an antigen by your white blood cells. Your lymphocytes respond to antigens by producing ANTIBODIES It is a protein produced by the lymphocytes that attaches to antigens. Why? • Less common: Attach to destroy • More common: attach to signal other immune cells to destroy Both are proteins Antigen triggers antibody production The antibody produced fits the antigen like a hand fits your gloves. …..why is it specific? It takes the body 2 weeks to make antibodies There has to be a faster way! What? • Weakened pathogen • Dead pathogen • Protein from a pathogen Since the pathogen is killed/weakened or in pieces… : It doesn’t cause the body to get sick BUT it allows for the body to prepare the antibodies in case the real pathogen gets in. GOAL: produce antibodies without getting you sick. The body gets an advanced look so that it wins the battle against the pathogen if ever it arrives. If the pathogen ever gets there the body has a plan to make more antibodies It remembers and recognizes the pathogen. Vaccines DO NOT provide the antibodies for the antigens! They provide the INFO for WBCs to make the antibodies. If you are vaccinated you are said to be immune to a disease! 1. Which of these statements best describes how the skin protects us from diseases in our environment? C. The skin acts as a physical barrier preventing disease-causing microorganisms from entering our bodies Biologically produced proteins called antibodies help the body fight infections in which of these ways? Antibodies attach to the surface proteins of antigens, inactivating the pathogen or signaling other immune cells to destroy the foreign protein material Group chart look up what diseases are targeted by the vaccines on the chart GROUP: Choose one disease Look up: description, causes, symptoms, treatment, where you can find it, who gets it, how the vaccine helps combat the pathogen. - Create your own poster, information sheet etc..detailing your research. - How does the immune system function in protecting the body from infection through the skin and the action of antibodies? How does vaccination protect individuals from infectious diseases?