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Ch. 9 Study Guide Answers 2011 • A vent or fissure in the Earth’s surface through which magma and gases are expelled is called • A Volcano • What would you expect to see during a nonexplosive eruption? • Huge lava flows. • Molten rock deep underground often gathers in a • Magma Chamber • Which type of lava flows most like dripping wax? • Pahoehoe • Lava that is very runny probably • has a low silica content • If the water content of magma is high, • an explosive eruption is more likely • When you talk about the viscosity of lava, you are talking about • how the lava flows (thickness). • Most active volcanoes form • (80%) where tectonic plates collide • Cool, stiff lava that forms in jumbled heaps of sharp chunks near the vent is called • Blocky Lava • Which type of pyroclastic material gets its name from a word that means “little stones”? • Lapilli. • The pyroclastic material that can reach the upper atmosphere and circle the Earth for years is • Volcanic Ash. • Pyroclastic material forms when • magma explodes from a volcano and hardens in the air. • Describe a possible climate change caused by a volcanic eruption? • Volcanic Ash high in the atmosphere could block sunlight, causing (regions of earths) temperatures to drop. • Where are volcanoes most likely to form? • Along plate boundaries • Large blobs of magma that harden in the air are called • Volcanic Bombs. • A large depression that forms when the magma chamber partially empties is a • Caldera. • The three main types of volcanoes are • Shield Volcano, Cinder Cone Volcano, and Composite Volcano. • The depression created when the roof of a magma chamber collapses is called a • Caldera • Rock begins to melt when (what happens) • temperature on the rock increases and pressure decreases • Most active volcanoes form • where tectonic plates collide • When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate is usually sub-ducted because • the oceanic plate is denser and thinner than the continental crust. • A cinder cone volcano • has steep slopes • The volcanoes of Hawaii and other places far from tectonic plate boundaries are known as • Hot Spots • Which category of volcano is most likely to erupt in the near future? • An active volcano • An active volcano • is currently erupting or show signs of erupting. In the near future. • What would you expect to see during a nonexplosive eruption? • Calm lava flows • Pillow lava is • formed when lava erupts under water • Lava with a high viscosity • is thick like pudding • What would you expect after an explosive eruption? • Darkened Skies. • A shield volcano • has gently sloping sides • A combination of explosive and non-explosive eruptions will create a • composite volcano