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EARLY CIVIL WAR CHAPTER 11 SECTION 1 LEADERS • President • Abraham Lincoln – Union • Jefferson Davis – Confederate • Generals • • • • • Ulysses S. Grant – Union William Sherman – Union George McClellan – Union Robert E. Lee – Confederate Stonewall Jackson – Confederate STRENGTHS North South • Population (outnumbered South by 12mil) • Railroad Mileage – 12,700 more miles of track • Factories – 90,000 more • 7/8 of the military colleges • Most officers • Only had to defend borders, not stage an attack • Morale – eager to fight FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN • First major battle of Civil War • Location: Manassas, Virginia • Union wanted an early & decisive blow against the Confederacy • Both sides were unseasoned and unprepared for the carnage of war • “Stonewall” Jackson – Confederate • McDowell’s Union Army is crushed • Proved the war would be long and violent MILITARY STRATEGY Union • Anaconda Plan • Blockade the South • Get the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in two • Capture Richmond • Wanted a quick war Confederacy • • • • Prepare and wait Defensive war War of attrition Stopped trade of cotton with Europe to gain their support – backfired TACTICS/TECHNOLOGY • • • • Bullet shaped ammunition Spiral groove in barrel of gun – fire farther Shells – exploded in air Canisters – filled with bullets FORT HENRY & FORT DONELSON • Location: Tennessee • Protected the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers – important water routes for the Confederacy • First Union victory, Southerners worried BATTLE OF SHILOH • Confederates attack • Casualties • Union – 13,000 • Confederacy – 11,000 • Single bloodiest battle on the continent to that date • Destroyed hopes of a quick war MONITOR AND MERRIMACK • Merrimack – Confederate ship • Monitor – Union ship • Both made of iron, wooden ships would be no match • Only met once, no victor, but in a single day, the wooden navies of the world became obsolete SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN • Fought on basically the same ground as the first battle • Union defeat – McClellan returned to command