Download Early Civil War

EARLY CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 11 SECTION 1
LEADERS
• President
• Abraham Lincoln – Union
• Jefferson Davis – Confederate
• Generals
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Ulysses S. Grant – Union
William Sherman – Union
George McClellan – Union
Robert E. Lee – Confederate
Stonewall Jackson – Confederate
STRENGTHS
North
South
• Population
(outnumbered South
by 12mil)
• Railroad Mileage –
12,700 more miles of
track
• Factories – 90,000 more
• 7/8 of the military
colleges
• Most officers
• Only had to defend
borders, not stage an
attack
• Morale – eager to fight
FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
• First major battle of Civil War
• Location: Manassas, Virginia
• Union wanted an early & decisive blow against the
Confederacy
• Both sides were unseasoned and unprepared for
the carnage of war
• “Stonewall” Jackson – Confederate
• McDowell’s Union Army is crushed
• Proved the war would be long and violent
MILITARY STRATEGY
Union
• Anaconda Plan
• Blockade the South
• Get the Mississippi River
and cut the Confederacy
in two
• Capture Richmond
• Wanted a quick war
Confederacy
•
•
•
•
Prepare and wait
Defensive war
War of attrition
Stopped trade of
cotton with Europe to
gain their support –
backfired
TACTICS/TECHNOLOGY
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Bullet shaped ammunition
Spiral groove in barrel of gun – fire farther
Shells – exploded in air
Canisters – filled with bullets
FORT HENRY & FORT DONELSON
• Location: Tennessee
• Protected the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers –
important water routes for the Confederacy
• First Union victory, Southerners worried
BATTLE OF SHILOH
• Confederates attack
• Casualties
• Union – 13,000
• Confederacy – 11,000
• Single bloodiest battle on the continent to that date
• Destroyed hopes of a quick war
MONITOR AND MERRIMACK
• Merrimack – Confederate ship
• Monitor – Union ship
• Both made of iron, wooden ships would be no
match
• Only met once, no victor, but in a single day, the
wooden navies of the world became obsolete
SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN
• Fought on basically the same ground as the first
battle
• Union defeat – McClellan returned to command