Download Parathyroid Glands

Essential Question
?
What is negative
feedback?
Endocrine System
Exocrine Glands
 Glands that have ducts
 Secretes hormones
through duct.
 Located near the gland or
organ it effects
 Example
 Liver
 Gallbladder
 Sweat gland
 Lacrimal gland
 Pancrease
Endocrine Glands
 Ductless
 Secretes hormones
directly into the blood
stream (via capillaries that
embed the gland)
 Example
 Pituitary
 Thyroid
 Adrenal glands
Example: Endocrine
Example: Exocrine
Pancrease is both :
Endocrine
 Secretes insulin via
specialized cells directly
into the circulatory
system
Exocrine
 Secretes pancreatic
enzymes into the small
intestines via pancreatic
duct
Functions of the Endocrine
System
 To secrete hormones (chemical messengers)
that coordinate and direct target cells and
organs
Target cells are specific
cells that react to specific
hormones
Endocrine Glands
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Thymus
Pancrease
Adrenal Glands
Gonads
Ovaries
Testis
Pineal
#Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
• Tiny structure the size of a
grape
• Located at the base of the
Brain
• Connected to the hypothalamus
• Divided into anterior and posterior
lobes
• The “Master Gland”
Anterior Pituitary Lobe
Posterior Pituitary Lobe
GROWTH HORMONE (GH ) - responsible for growth
and development
• PROLACTIN – develops breast tissue,
stimulates production of milk after childbirth
• THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE ( TSH )
stimulates thyroxine
• ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH )
stimulates adrenal cortex
• FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE ( FSH)
stimulates growth of graafian follicle and
production of estrogen in females, sperm in
Males
• LUTEINIZING HORMONE ( LH) – stimulates
ovulation and formation of corpus luteum,
which produces progesterone in females
VASOPRESSIN – converts to ADH
(antidiuretic hormone) in the
bloodstream, acts on kidney to
concentrate urine and preserveH2O
in the body
OXYTOCIN – released during
childbirthcausing contractions of the
uterus
Hormones Secreted
by the Pituitary
Gland
GH
TSH
ACHT
Vasopressin
FSH
LH
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Prolactin Stimulates the
production of breast milk
Oxytocin stimulates the
contraction of uterus for
childbirth
Thyroid Gland
Butterfly-shaped
Located on either side of larynx/trachea
area
Secretes
Thyroxin (controlled by TSH)
Calcitonin
Thyroxin controls cellular metabolism
Calcitonin controls calcium ion
concentration in the body (prevents
hypercalcemia)
Parathyroid
Glands
Four small glands (grain of rice)
Located on the posterior thyroid
Secretes Parathormone
controls blood calcium levels
prevents hypocalcemia
Thymus
Gland
Mass of lymphatic tissue
produces lymphocytes
Both endocrine and
lymphatic gland
Located behind the
sternum above the heart
Atrophies by puberty
Adrenal
Glands
Located on superior kidney
Adrenal cortex secretes corticoids (anti-inflammatory)
mineralcorticoids
glucocorticoids
androgens (male sex hormone)
Adrenal medulla secretes
epinephrine (adrenalin) powerful stimulant – fight or flight
norepinephrine
Pancreas
Feather like organ
Located behind the stomach
Both endocrine and exocrine function
Specialized cells called Islets of Langerhans produces
insulin
glucagon
insulin promotes the utilization of glucose by cells
glucagon promotes the building of glycogen (takes excess
glucose and forms polyscarrides and stores in the liver)
This process helps keep glucose level normal 70 – 100 mg/dl
Gonads
(sex organs)
Ovaries
Testes
Ovaries
The ovaries are stimulated by the pituitary gland ( FSH, LH)
FSH
stimulates one of many follicles located within the ovary to
produce a mature egg.
LH stimulates the follicle to rupture and release the mature egg
(ovulation)
During this process the walls of the follicle produce
Estrogen (secondary sex characteristics)
Progesterone (responsible for the development of the placenta)
Testes
Produce :
Testosterone (responsible for male secondary sex characteristics)
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Male
Female
 Deep voice
 Breast development
 Muscles
 Curves
 Facial and pubic hair
 Pubic hair
 Vaginal secretions
co
Essential Question
?
Please list a minimal of 6
hormones secreted by the
pituitary gland
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Endocrine Disorders
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Dwarfsim
Gigantism
Hyperfunction of the
pituitary
Over production of GH In
preadolescent
Overgrowth of long bones
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What are the two forms of diabetes
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