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Plants
Turk
Chapter 28
Section 1 Overview of Plants
Adapting to Land

Three adaptations have allowed plants to be
successful on land:
a

waxy cuticle to prevent water loss
haploid spores and diploid seeds to protect
reproductive cells
 special
vascular tissues called xylem and
phloem for absorbing and transporting
materials within the plant.
Chapter 28
Classifying Plants

Nonvascular plants have
neither true vascular tissue
nor roots, stems, or leaves.

Most vascular plants have
vascular tissue and true
roots, stems, and leaves.

Vascular plants can be
further divided into two
groups, seedless plants and
seed plants.

Seed plants include
gymnosperms and
angiosperms.
Section 1 Overview of Plants
Chapter 28
Section 1 Overview of Plants
Alternating Life Cycles

All plants have a life cycle known as
alternation of generations.

In alternation of generations, a
haploid (only one of each
chromosome) gametophyte produces
gametes. Gametes unite and give
rise to a diploid (two of each
chromosome) sporophyte.

The sporophyte produces haploid
spores, which develop into
gametophytes.
Chapter 28
Section 2 Nonvascular Plants
Characteristics of Bryophytes

Nonvascular plants are called
bryophytes.

These plants do not have
true roots, stems, or leaves.

They are very small and are
usually found in moist areas.
Chapter 28
Section 3 Vascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants

Vascular plants have several adaptive advantages
over nonvascular plants, tissues that move water
and food, the ability to live in many
environments, and strong stems that allow them
to grow tall and receive more sunlight.
Chapter 28
Section 3 Vascular Plants
Vascular Seed Plants

There are two main groups of
seed-bearing vascular plants,
gymnosperms and angiosperms.
 Gymnosperms
are
characterized by naked seeds
and no flowers.
 Angiosperms
have flowers and
seeds enclosed by a fruit.
Chapter 29
Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues
Plant Parts
Roots
Move water upwards
Can also be a storage site
stems
provide the leaves with height to reach
the sunlight
Can also be a storage site
 leaves
Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange
Transpiration through stomata
Chapter 30
Section 2 Sexual Reproduction in
Flowering Plants
Parts of a Flower


The male reproductive structures are stamens,
each of which consists of an anther and a
filament.

The anther produces pollen grains.

The filament supports an anther.
The female reproductive structures are called
carpels.

One or more carpels fused together to make the
pistil.

The base of a pistil contains the ovary, which will
produce

A style, which is usually stalklike, rises from the
ovary.

The tip of the style is called the stigma, which
usually is sticky or has hairs in order to trap pollen
grains.
Chapter 30
Section 2 Sexual Reproduction in
Flowering Plants
Pollination

Bright petals and distinctive odors attract animals
that feed on pollen and nectar, a nourishing solution
of sugars.

Many different kinds of animals can be pollinators.

When these animals gather nectar, pollen sticks to
their bodies. As they collect more nectar, the
animals deposit some of the pollen on other flowers.
This is how the animals pollinate other flowers.