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AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS
WORLD MAP INSTRUCTIONS
Label the Continents & Oceans
Label England & West Africa (outlined on your map)
Color each continent a different color
HOW & WHY TO TAKE CORNELL NOTES
Cornell Notes Tutorial
NOW, LET’S SET UP OUR PAPERS
IN Pages 18-19:
Set-up your pages like this
18
Essential Question: What were the causes
and effects of the Age of Exploration?
Title:
Age of Exploration
Record the Essential
Question (EQ):
What were the causes
and effects of the Age of
Exploration?
Age of Exploration
Age of Exploration
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Notes go
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Q
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Summary
Notes go
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19
AMERICA
In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean
blue…
Who was already in America when
Europeans arrived?
DID COLUMBUS REALLY DISCOVER AMERICA?
Some historians believe
Leif Eriksson was the
first European to reach
America, centuries before
Columbus
Leif Eriksson
STOP & THINK
If Eriksson made
it to America
before Columbus,
why does
Columbus get all
of the credit?
“He opened up America to Europe,
which was the expansionist power at
the time. He was the one who made
it possible for them to conquer the
Western Hemisphere — and to
bring with them the diseases that
apparently wiped out 90 percent of
the population. He wasn't the first
(and neither were the Vikings) —
that is a very Euro-centric view.
There were millions of people here
already, and so their ancestors must
have been the first.”
-Russell Freedman
EXPLORATION OF NORTH AMERICA 1492-1700
Spain (green)
England (blue)
France (red)
Holland (purple)
EUROPE DURING THE CRUSADES
Crusades
During the
, Italian
(Roman) Catholics wanted to take the
holy land of Jerusalem from the
Muslims that had conquered the area
Once in Asia, they discovered
many desirable goods (silk, tea,
spices) and brought them back to
Europe
This sparked European interest in
Asia as a trade market
Italy dominated all land routes
into Asia and therefore had access to
Asian goods
A WHOLE NEW WORLD
(The Indies)
Columbus believed he had reached the East Indies so he, naturally, called the Taino
people he encountered Indians.
AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS
Before Columbus stumbled upon
America, Native American
tribes populated the land
Although we categorize all tribes as
“Native Americans,” each was
unique in terms of their language,
traditions and way of life
Once Columbus bridged the gap
between America & Europe, the
Columbian Exchange
occurred
Columbus’ “discovery” sparked interest
in North and South
America
England, France, Spain
and the Netherlands
sent explorers to
claim land
in America
Explorers brought plants and animals
with them to the Americas and brought
American plants and animals back to Europe
They also exchanged
diseases
across hemispheres
“...all the trees were as different from ours as
day from night, and so the fruits, the herbage,
the rocks, and all things.”
-- Christopher Columbus
According to historian Alfred Crosby, the
exchange of plants, animals
and pathogens between the two
hemispheres
was biologically “the most spectacular thing
that has ever happened to humans," and he
coined the phenomenon the
Columbian Exchange.
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
The Columbian Exchange
WARM-UP (IN PAGE 15 TOP)
How did the Crusades lead to the Age of Exploration?
 The Crusades led to the Age of Exploration because…
What was Columbus looking for when he “stumbled upon”
America?
 Columbus was looking for…
What were the results of Columbus’ journey to America?
 The results of Columbus’ journey to America were…
Set-Up IN Page 14 like
this:

WHO
An explorer is a person who travels in search
of geographic or scientific discoveries (such as
Columbus & Magellan)
Explorers came from Spain, Portugal, France,
England & the Netherlands
WHAT
The Age of Exploration was a time period
when Europeans began to explore the rest of
the world
WHEN
The Age of Exploration occurred during the
early 15th through 17th centuries (1418-1620)
WHERE
Areas explored included:
Africa, Asia, North America & South America
Explorers came from Europe
WHY
Nations were looking for gold, spices, to expand their
empires and to spread Christianity to new parts of the
world
God, Glory, Gold
Adventure & fame was also a reason for explorers to set
out on expeditions
HOW
Improvements in mapmaking (cartography), ship building and
navigation made the Age of Exploration possible
Examples:
Caravel (ship with both square and triangular sails)
Compass (used to find directions)
Astrolabe (used to find the position of the stars)
THE ATTACK: SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 (IN PAGE 15
BOTTOM)
Use the information in your textbook (pages 892-893) to answer the following questions in
COMPLETE SENTENCES:
1. Define terrorism.
2. Describe in detail what happened on September 11, 2001. (use facts from the text!)
3. What did the U.S. government do to make our nation more secure after the attacks on
September 11, 2001?
4. Why is it important to study, understand and remember acts of terrorism from the past?
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE MAP ACTIVITY
Label North America, South America, Europe, Africa &
the Atlantic Ocean on your map.
Color the “New World” continents one color and the
“Old World” continents another color
use your textbook (page 74) to fill in your map with
items that were transferred between the hemispheres
create colored illustrations to accompany your lists
(minimum 3 per section, except diseases)
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS
(IN PAGE 18)- YOU CAN USE THE WHOLE PAGE!
1. How would life in America be different if the Columbian
Exchange hadn’t occurred? (Which things would be missing?)
Be specific in your answer! (Minimum 4 sentences)
2. What might have happened if Native Americans had been
immune to European diseases? (Minimum 2 sentences)
3. List the positive and negative effects of the Columbian
Exchange. (T-Chart)
4. Overall, do you think the Columbian Exchange was a positive
or negative event? Explain your answer with details. (1
paragraph- Minimum 5 sentences)
Use
Complete
Sentences
COLUMBUS: HERO OR VILLAIN
Claim: The statement you’re trying to prove
Evidence: Quotes from the text that prove your point
Warrant: Sentences that explain how the evidence proves your statement
Conclusion: You must write 3-5 sentences that states your conclusion after considering
our definitions and the evidence you collected. Was Columbus a hero or villain?
PROTESTING THE MISTREATMENT OF NATIVE
AMERICANS (IN PAGE 19)
After reading the documents answer the following questions using COMPLETE
SENTENCES:
1. How do the questions asked by Montesinos show his anger over the treatment of
Native Americans?
2. How does Las Casas describe the treatment of Native Americans? (be specific &
cite examples!)
BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS (IN PAGE 19)
Read pages 72-74 of your textbook to answer the following questions in COMPLETE SENTENCES!!!
1. Why did many Native Americans grow increasingly unhappy with
the Catholic Missions?
1. Native Americans grew increasingly unhappy with the Catholic Missions
because…
2. How did the plantation system affect Native Americans? How
were they treated by Spaniards?
1. The plantation system affected Native Americans…
2. The Spaniards treated Native Americans…
3. Who was Bartolome de Las Casas?
1. Bartolome de Las Casas was…
4. Why did the New Laws of 1542 fail to protect Native Americans?
1. The New Laws of 1542 failed to protect Native Americans because…
WARM-UP (IN PAGE 20 TOP)
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The Columbian Exchange was…
Why did the Age of Exploration occur? (What did people
want?)
The Age of Exploration occurred because…
Who was America named after?
America was named after…
PETITION TO THE KING (IN PAGE 21)
Now that you’ve read about the treatment of Native Americans under Spanish rule in
America, write a petition asking the Spanish king to require colonists to stop abusing
Native Americans in the colonies.
Petitions should describe the treatment of Native Americans
requiring better treatment.
and make a case for
Use facts from your textbook and the readings from Las Casas & Montesinos to
complete your letter!