Download Check for Understanding

Bellringer
Happy Monday!!!
Quietly have a seat and enjoy
yourself while I take roll.
• We will hand back notebooks and
discuss 5 themes project.
The Physical Earth
The Solar System
• The Earth is part of the
Solar system.
– Made up of the sun and
all objects that revolve
around it.
• The Solar system is
made up of nine
planets.
– Jupiter is largest
– Pluto is smallest
– Earth is 5th largest
Earth’s “Spheres”
• What percentage of the
earth is covered by
water?
– 70%
• All the earth’s water
makes up the…
Hydrosphere
– Oceans, lakes, river and
streams.
Earth’s “Spheres”
• Land makes up part of
the earth’s crust is
called the Lithosphere.
– True or False: The
lithosphere contains
land beneath the
oceans.
• What percentage of the
Earth’s surface is not
covered by water?
– 30%
Earth’s “Spheres”
• Extending about 6,000
miles above the earths
surface is a layer of
gases called the
Atmosphere.
–
–
–
–
21% oxygen
78% nitrogen
Where weather happens
Protects the Earth from
Solar radiation
Earth’s “Spheres”
• Combined, all the
sphere’s are referred to
as the biosphere, or the
parts of the earth that
support life.
– Life outside the
biosphere exists only
with the assistance of
mechanical support.
Landforms
• Landforms are natural,
physical features of the
earth’s surface.
– There are countless types
of landforms
•
•
•
•
Mountains
Rivers
Valleys
Plains
• Landforms often
contribute to the theme
of place in geography.
– Mt Everest
– Mariana Trench
Landforms/Resources
• Many landforms contain
natural resources.
– Natural resources are
materials or components
that can be found within
the environment.
• something that can be
used
– There are two types of
natural resources.
Renewable/Non-renewable resources
Forces of Change
• The structure and
surface of the earth is
constantly changing.
• There is two types of
forces that change the
earth.
– Internal
– External
• What is an example of
an internal change?
Forces of Change
• To understand the
Internal forces that
change the earth, we
must understand the
structure of the earth.
• There are four layers of
the earths interior.
–
–
–
–
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust
• Inner Core- Believed to be composed primarily of iron and
nickel; because it is able to deflect seismic waves, it must
behave as a solid in some fashion. Avg Temperatures of 4,300c
• Outer Core- Outer core surrounds the inner core and is
believed to be a liquid composed of iron mixed with nickel
and trace amounts of lighter elements; Slightly cooler than
inner core.
• Mantle- extends to a depth of 2,890 km, making it the thickest
layer of Earth; is composed of rock that is rich in iron and
magnesium.
• Crust- The crust ranges from 5–70 km (3–44 miles) in depth
and is the outermost layer; Makes up the Lithosphere.
Forces of Change
• Temperatures inside the
earth can reach 8,500
degrees F.
– Under such conditions, what
must happen when such
energy is created?
• Plate movement; also called
plate tectonics.
• Many scientists believe the
earth was once a large
super-continent called
Panagea
– Over millions of years the
continents drifted apart to
form the present day
structure of the earth.
Forces of Change
• Today the earth’s tectonic
plates continue to move
resulting in earthquakes
and volcanic activity.
• The Pacific plate is
distinctive because of the
number of Earthquakes
and Volcanoes.
• This area is known as…
The Ring of Fire.
Forces of Change
• There are four types of
plate movement.
–
–
–
–
Subduction
Accretion
Spreading
Faulting
Subduction
• The process that takes place at
Convergent Boundaries by which
one tectonic plate moves under
another tectonic plate and sinks
into the Mantle as the plates
converge.
• Subduction zones are sites of
high rates of volcanism,
earthquakes and Mountain
Building.
• How the Himalayas were
developed.
Accretion
• Accretion is a process
by which material is
added to a tectonic
plate or a landmass.
– Generally associated
with volcanoes.
– Also associated with the
formation of river deltas.
Spreading or Divergent Plates
• Divergent boundaries
occur along where
plates are moving apart
and new crust is
created by magma
pushing up from the
mantle.
– The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is
the most significant
example of diverging
plate movement.
Faulting
• Relatively simple form
of plate movement.
– Plates slide along fault
lines causing
earthquakes and
tremors.
Forces of Change
• There are three types of
external forces that change
the structure of the earth.
– Glacial Erosion
• Many mountain valleys were
created by Glaciers
– Wind Erosion
• Dust Bowl
– Water Erosion
• Certainly the most destructive
of the external forces.
• Floods are the most common
types of water erosion
Check for Understanding
• The Earth is part of the solar system, which
has _______ Planets
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nine
Eight
Ten
Eleven
Check for Understanding
• The Earth is the ________ largest plant in the
solar system.
A. 3rd
B. 8th
C.
4th
D. 5th
Check for Understanding
• Which of the Earth’s spheres includes the land
that makes up part of the earth’s crust?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Hydrosphere
The Lithosphere
The Atmosphere
The Biosphere
Check for Understanding
• Which of the earth’s sphere’s covers 70% of
the earth’s surface?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Hydrosphere
The Lithosphere
The Atmosphere
The Biosphere
Check for Understanding
• Which of the earth’s sphere’s includes the air
up to 6,000 miles above the earth’s surface?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Hydrosphere
The Lithosphere
The Atmosphere
The Biosphere
Check for Understanding
• Which of the earth’s spheres includes all parts
of the earth that support life?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Atmosphere
The Biosphere
The Hydrosphere
The Lithosphere
Check for Understanding
• Which of the following terms describes all of
the earth’s physical features?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Physical landforms
Natural Terrain
Physical Terrain
All of the above
Check for Understanding
• What two types of physical changes can occur
to the earth?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Physical-Natural
Internal-External
Internal-Volcanic
Volcanoes-Earthquakes
Check for Understanding
• Which of the following is an example of an
internal change to the earth’s structure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Flood
Glacier
Volcano
Sandstorm
Check for Understanding
• Which of the following is an example of an
external change to the earth’s structure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Earthquake
Glacier
Volcano
Magma
Check for Understanding
• How many layers of the earth’s internal
structure exist
A.
B.
C.
D.
Four
Nine
Five
Three
Check for Understanding
• The very center of the earth is known as…?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Inner Core
The Core
The Epicenter
The Seismic Center
Check for Understanding
• The Mantle consists of…?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Molten Lava
Hot dense rock
Magma
Molten Nickel
Check for Understanding
• The rocky shell forming the earth’s surface is
called the…?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Surface
The Mantle
The Crust
The Core