Download acids: bases - IDS-chem2-Rn-10

ACIDS AND
ACID:BASES
•An acid (from
the Latin acidus/acēre me
aning sour) is a substance
which reacts with a base.
BASE:
•A base in chemistry is an aqueous
substance that can
accept hydronium ions.
•taste sour
•corrosive to metals
•change litmus to red
•become less acidic when mixed with bases.
•feel slippery
•change litmus to blue
•become less basic when
mixed with acids
•release a hydroxide ion into
water solution.
•neutralize acids in a
neutralization reaction.
•neutralize bases in a
neutralization reaction. An acid
and a base combine to make
a salt and water. A salt is any
ionic compound that could be
made with the anion of an acid
ACIDS
BASES
1. Strong Acids
• completely dissociate
in water
•forming H+ and an
anion.
1. Strong Bases
•they dissociate
100% into the
cation and OH(hydroxide ion).
2. Weak Acids
•partially dissociates in
water to give H+ and the
anion
2. Weak Bases
•do not furnish OHions by
dissociation.
•react with water to
furnish the OH-
•Weak acids are titrated in the
presence of indicators which change
under slightly alkaline conditions.
•Weak bases should be titrated in the
presence of indicators which change
under slightly acidic conditions.
•halochromic chemical
compound that is added in
small amounts to a solution so
that the pH (acidity or basicity)
of the solution can be
determined visually. Hence a
pH indicator is a chemical
detector for hydronium ions
(H3O+) or hydrogen ions (H+)
in the Arrhenius model.
•the separation of a molecule into ions, and
it is a key factor for evaluating the
"strength" of acids and bases. The more a
substance is prone to dissociation, the
better it can conduct an electric current,
because the separation of charges provides
a "pathway" for the current's flow
the process whereby an acid and base react with one
another to form a salt and water. The human
stomach produces hydrochloric acid, commonly
known as "stomach acid." It is generated in the
digestion process, but when a person eats
something requiring the stomach to work overtime
in digesting it—say, a pizza—the stomach may
generate excess hydrochloric acid, and the result is
"heartburn." When this happens, people often take
antacids, which contain a base such as aluminum
hydroxide (Al[OH] 3 ) or magnesium hydroxide
(Mg[OH] 2 ).