Download Civil War Reconstruction

Effects of the Civil War:
RECONSTRUCTION
End Agreement of the War
• Slaves were freed as Union troops
entered areas
• Appomattox Court House Lee
surrenders to Grant April 9th 1865.
• All Other Confederate generals
agreed to similar terms in surrender
• Reunite the Country and completely
end slavery via Reconstruction
White Board
• What was the political party of Lincoln?
Presidential Reconstruction Plan
Lincoln
• Accept South
back to Union
• States form New Gov is
they abolish Slavery
• Southerners Who
support union to lead
• All Blacks educated
would get the right to
vote
Andrew Johnson
• Restoration Plan 1865
• Southerners full rights
• Governors appointed
in Southern States to
set up constitution
• Only loyal white
southerners could vote
• Opposed allowing all
Blacks right to vote
Congressional Reconstruction Plan
• Punish Slaveholders
• Congress should lead Reconstruction
• Blacks needed support
▫ Freedman’s Bureau
▫ Establish Schools
▫ Land and the vote
• Passage of the 14th and 15th Amend
Reconstruction 1863-1877
• Divided the 11 confederate states into 5 military
districts
▫ Military commanders can register voters and hold
elections
• Write new state constitutions which included
▫ suffrage
• Ratify 14th amendment
• Abolish peonage( paying debt in labor)
• Program to reintegrate 11 confed states in the US with
a citizen Black population
White Board and then discuss
• Which plan would have had the best results.
Justify your Response.
▫ Reconstruction affected political, social,
cultural, and economics of the US
Political Repercussions
Republicans Control the South
• Supremacy of the federal government over States
• Blacks were given right to vote Majority in- voted
Republican(Only majority 3 states)
• Former confederate leaders could not run for office
• (Carpet Baggers)- Northerners in South who gained
political power (rep)
Thirteenth Amendment
• Standing in the way of full emancipation was the
U.S. Constitution
• Process was started on passing an amendment
(passed after Lincoln’s death)
• Simply stated: “Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the
party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the
United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
Reconstruction
Amendments
• 1865 13th-Ended
Slavery
• 1866 14th- All people
born in US Citizens
 Deny former
confederate officials
right hold office
• 1869 15th- Prohibit
denial of suffrage
based on race, color,
or from being former
slave
How did the War and reconstruction
change society?
• Casualties
▫ 620K men died
▫ $15 billion in war costs & damaged
property
▫ Destroyed slavery and southern economy
▫ More died of diseases
• Southern Whites
▫ Southern White male 18 % population(1345) died
▫ Remained angry with reconstruction and
elevation of Blacks
▫ Created a sense of White Unity against
Blacks
Post war Economies
• Southern lost massive amounts of wealth
• Prosperous farm land was destroyed
• Wealthy Plantation Owners lost wealth when Slaves
(property of Value)became free
• Cotton becomes King Again
▫ Share Cropping- 2/3 were Black 1/3 poor Whites
• North massive economic Industrial Boom.
▫ Industrial Revolution fueled by European
immigrants and Migrant Southern Blacks
▫ Massive source of cheap labor
Discuss short term and long term
affects of the Black Codes and Jim
Crow Laws.
The Reconstruction Backlash
• angry Southern Whites
• Black Codes-laws passed in south
1865-1866restricting Blacks
freedom.
▫ Forced them to work in a labor
economy based on low wages or debt.
• Refusal of Seeing blacks as equals
• Formed KKK 1866
▫ Former Confederate troops
▫ attack Blacks and Liberal Republicans
▫ Scared Blacks to not vote or demand
rights
• Force the Federal Gov to send More
troops regain order
Post Reconstructions
• Federal support for reconstruction
Ended
• Troops pulled out 1877 under
President Hayes
Southern whites regain political and
Economic Control
• Jim Crow Laws- local and state
laws segregation and inequality of
Blacks and whites
▫ Blacks were denied basic rights
• South stayed deeply divided and
unequal until civil rights movement of
the 1960’s
White Board
• Make a list of 3 pros and 3 cons of
Reconstruction.
Reconstruction Pros
• America was United
• All southern states drafted new constitutions
• ratified the amendments 13-15
• Civil Rights act of 1866- all born are equal
citizens
• Civil War and Reconstruction settled the states’
rights vs. federalism debate
• As one historian noted, the United States
before the Civil War were a country, but the
United States after the war was a nation.
• Civil Rights Act 1875-end discrimination in
social and in public places (not followed)
Failures of Reconstruction
• swift changes in political power in the South
rendered most of the legislation passed useless
• Removal of federal troops allow Confed and slave
owners to regain power
▫ return to the policy of the old South
• Southern politicians passed black codes
• voter qualifications laws (poll tax, reading test)
• Sharecropping system to thrived
▫ Keeping the poor indebted to land owner
• northerners tired of Reconstruction
▫ lost interest in supporting black civil rights
• black civil liberties and racial equality set aside to
put the Union back together