Download Wars End and Lasting Effects

4.4
 Assess why the British failed to win the war in the
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South.
Describe how the British were finally defeated.
List the terms of the peace treaty.
Explain how the war and the peace treaty affected
minority groups and women.
Assess the impact of the American Revolution on
other countries.
 British Invade the South
 The War Ends
 The Revolution Impacts Society
 Revolutionary Ideas Spread
 As the war continued the British expected Loyalist
support in the South.
 The British missed their opportunity of supporting
Loyalist militias, they just continued to wage
conventional war.
 In the South the British won most of the battles and
captured leading seaports.
 When they captured Charleston they also captured
5,000 Patriot troops.
 As the British gained momentum in the South,
Spanish forces under Bernardo de Galvez made key
attacks on British forts in the Gulf Coast region.
 These attacks diverted the British attention and
momentum in the South.
 In the South Cornwallis did not control the
countryside.
 The Patriots and loyalist militia would fight very cruel
battles, until the Patriots end up crushing the loyalist
militia and execute most of the prisoners.
 This causes farmers and citizens to start siding with
the Patriots and taking up their cause.
 This greatly frustrated Cornwallis, because the
Continental Army of the South was small but led by
two great commanders. Nathanael Greene and Daniel
Morgan.
 They inflicted heavy losses on the British at the Battle
of Cowpens and Guilford Courthouse in 1781.
 Cornwallis takes his army north to Virginia despairing
of winning the Carolinas, however he doesn’t realize
he is moving into a trap.
 Initially it seemed very unlikely the Patriots would win
the war.
 There were four factors that contributed to their
success.
 First, the British made tactical mistakes because they
initially underestimated the Patriots.
 Second, the British misunderstood the political nature
of the conflict.
 Third, the Patriots were highly motivated and
benefited from George Washington’s shrewd
leadership.
 Fourth, the Patriots received critical assistance from
France.
 During the late summer of 1781 Washington boldly and
rapidly marched most of his troops south.
 He planned to trap Cornwallis’s army at Yorktown,
Virginia.
 For his plan to succeed the French Fleet would have to
arrive to block the British Fleet.
 Luckily for Washington the French fleet appeared at
just the right moment to block the mouth of the
Chesapeake Bay.
 Given the lack of efficient long distance
communication, this coordination was incredible.
 This trapped the British army on land and sea.
 Cornwallis surrendered his army of 8,000 at Yorktown
on October 19.
 The loss of 8,000 soldiers was a crushing blow to the
British war effort.
 The British people were also tired of the taxes and the
casualties.
 Under new administration the British met with an
American Delegation including Benjamin Franklin,
they negotiated a treaty and secured far more territory
than the Patriots had won in the war.
 The British left the Indians to fend for themselves and
the colonist moved westward taking a great sum of
land from the Indians.
 The loyalist were victims of mob violence and not
allowed to return to their homes, most moved to
Canada or the British West Indies.
 Women gained few political or legal rights as a
result of the war, but they won respect based on
the new conception of women as “republican
mother.”
 This allowed women to speak on their ability to
raise virtuous children that intern become virtuous
citizens.
 In 1776 Abigail Adams wrote a letter to her
husband asking her to “remember the Ladies” in
the new nations laws.
 Adams respected his wife but he dismissed her
 The winning of the war brought up the point that
slavery seemed inconsistent with the ideals of the
Revolution.
 Patriots spoke of liberty and owned slaves, they viewed
it as natural and understood.
 1778 a Patriot governor of New Jersey confessed that
slavery was utterly inconsistent with the principles of
Christianity and humanity.
 Slaves began to demand freedom
 Some received it from their masters called
manumission, while others were still trapped in
bondage.
 The north decided to emancipate the slaves and make
them free, however most slave owners sold their slaves
to the South before they could gain their freedom.
 After the American Revolution the idea of “all men
created equal” spread in England, France, women, and
slaves.
 Over the next three centuries the Patriots’ principles
inspired revolutions around the world.