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Transcript
Chapter 2 Section 2 Egypt’s Old Kingdom Old Kingdom Rulers • Old kingdom was known for growth and prosperity • Egyptians built cities and expanded trade • Strong Government was established Old Kingdom Rulers (con’t) • Pharaoh- All powerful ruler – Unity of Kingdom depended on strong leader – Considered son of Re, the sun god • Many officials controlled the day to day aspects of the government Egypt’s Religion • Worshipped many deities-polytheism • Believed the gods controlled forces of nature and human activity • Re- sun god • Hapi- god of the Nile • Isis-loyal wife and mother Life After Death • Egyptians had hopeful outlook for afterlife • The Book of the Dead – Spells and Prayers they needed to get in the afterlife Life after Death • At first believed only Pharaoh and elite would achieve afterlife • The Pharaoh needed a body to travel to the afterlife. – Embalming process – Mummification process Egyptian Medicine • Through embalming much was learned about the human body • Herbs and drugs to treat illness • Stitch up cuts and set bones • First specialist in medicine • Medical books The Pyramids • Pyramids-mountain like structures build of stone-served as tombs for Pharaohs. • Protected bodies and held supplies The Pyramids (con’t) • Thousands of people and years of work • Farmers during the Nile’s floods • Skilled workers had specific jobs The Pyramids (con’t) • Stones would be carried from miles away • Barges carried stones on the Nile to building site • Stones pushed up ramps The Pyramids (con’t) • Entrance to pyramids faced north – Developed principles of astronomy – 12 month calendar developed • Measuring for the pyramids led to advances in math – Number system based on 10 The Great Pyramid • Built for King Khufu in Giza • Tallest structure in the world for over 4,000 years – 500 feet tall; covers nine football fields • Each block weighs 2.5 tons