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TYPES OF SOLUTIONS Ms. Samayoa Chemistry Birmingham Community Charter High School Learning Target: Students will be familiar with terms used to describe solutions. Students will also learn how to use the Solubility Curve to determine whether a solution is saturated, supersaturated, or unsaturated. Academic Vocabulary Words: saturated, supersaturated, unsaturated, dilute, concentrated, precipitate DESCRIPTIONS OF SOLUTIONS: DILUTE SOLUTION A dilute solution contains a small amount of dissolved solute relative to the amount of solvent DESCRIPTIONS OF SOLUTIONS: CONCENTRATED SOLUTION A concentrated solution contains a large amount of dissolved solute relative to the amount of solvent DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTION: UNSATURATED SOLUTION An unsaturated solution contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at the given solvent temperature. An unsaturated solution can dissolve more solute DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTIONS: SATURATED SOLUTION • A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of the solute that can be dissolved at a given solvent temperature • In a saturated solution, if additional solute is added, it will NOT DISSOLVE. DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTIONS: SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION A supersaturated solution is an unstable solution containing more than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at the given water temperature. HOW TO MAKE SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS • If you attempt to dissolve sugar in water, you reach a point where you cannot dissolve any more sugar. • This is called saturated solution. • However, if you heat this solution, more sugar will dissolve • When the solution is cooled, the sugar will remain in solution • This is called a supersaturated solution. DESCRIPTION OF SOLUTIONS CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING Study vocabulary words for pop quiz SOLUBILITY CURVES Since it is difficult to classify a solution just by looking at it, the Solubility Curve is often used to determine and describe a solution Solubility curves can be used to answer the following questions: • How many grams of solute is needed to form a saturated solution? • Is a solution saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? • Which solute is most or least soluble? • Which solute is most or lest dilute? • Which solute is more or least concentrated? Solid solutes (ex. KCl) have curves with POSITIVE SLOPES because the solubility of a solid INCREASES as solvent temperature INCREASES Gaseous solutes (ex. NH3) have curves with NEGATIVE SLOPES because the solubility of a gas decreases as solvent temperature DECREASES HOW TO DETERMING TYPE OF SOLUTION FROM SOLUBILITY CURVE 1. Locate temp of solution, then go up the temp line 2. Stop when you’ve gone up as high as the solute amount in solution VERY IMPORTANT: If 100g H2O: Make no change to grams of solute If 50g H2O: Double grams of solute first If 200g H2O: Cut grams of solute in half first 3. Note where you’ve stopped relative to the curve. HOW TO DETERMING TYPE OF SOLUTION FROM SOLUBILITY CURVE If you stop: Above the curve: Solution is supersaturated On the curve: Solution is saturated Below the curve: Solution is unsaturated EXAMPLE A solution containing 75 grams of KNO3 in 100 grams of water at 50oC is best classified as 1) Unsaturated 2) Supersaturated 3) Saturated EXAMPLE A solution containing 15 grams of NH3 in 100 grams of water at 90oC is best classified as 1) Unsaturated 2) Supersaturated 3) Saturated EXAMPLE A solution of KCl contains 90 grams of the solute in 200g of water at 60oC. This solution can be best classified as 1) Unsaturated 2) Supersaturated 3) Saturated EXAMPLE If 70 grams of KI is dissolved in 50 g of H2O at 10oC, what will be the best description of this solution? 1) Unsaturated 2) Supersaturated 3) Saturated