Download Unit 4 Electricity and Magnetism

Warm up 2/1
Clear everything off your desk.
Pre-test on Electricity and Magnetism
Opening
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCTpE0PX_mA
Electricity and Magnetism
UNIT 4
What is electricity?
The collection or flow of
electrons in the form of
an electric charge
What is static electricity?
When two objects rub against each other electrons
transfer and build up on an object causing it to have a
different charge from its surroundings.
Like the shoes rubbing against the carpet. Electrons are
transferred from the carpet to the shoes.
As electrons collect on an object, it becomes negatively
charged. As electrons leave an object it attains a positive
charges. Charges interact with each other:
Often when you remove clothes
from the clothes dryer, they seem
to stick together. This is because
some of the clothes have gained
electrons by rubbing against
other clothes. The clothes losing
electrons become positive. The
negative clothes are attracted to
the positive clothes.
Have you ever rubbed a balloon on your hair and
stuck it on a wall? How do you think this works?
What causes you to be shocked when you rub your feet
across carpet?
An electrical discharge is the passing of an electric
current through the air from a negatively charged object
to a positively charge object. This is what causes
lightning!
Check out these static electricity video clips
•Static electricity at a gas station
•Van de Graaf Generator’s effect on human hair
•Static on Baby’s hair
•Kid gets static going down a slide
•“Cat abuse” by static electricity
What is a conductor and insulator?
A conductor is a material which allows an electric current
to pass. Metals are good conductors of electricity.
An insulator is a material which does not allow an
electric current to pass. Nonmetals are not good
conductors of electricity. Plastic, glass, wood, and rubber
are good insulators
What is the difference between static
electricity and current electricity?
Static electricity is stationary or collects on the surface of
an object, whereas current electricity is flowing very
rapidly through a conductor.
The flow of electricity in current electricity has electrical
pressure or voltage. Electric charges flow from an area
of high voltage to an area of low voltage.
Water pressure
and voltage
behave in
similar ways.
The pressure of the water flowing through the
pipes on the last slide compare to the voltage
(electric potential) flowing through the wires of the
circuit. The unit used to measure voltage is volts
(V).
The flow of charges in a circuit is called current.
Current (I) is measured in Amperes (A).
What is electrical resistance?
Resistance (R)is the opposition to the flow of
an electric current, causing the electrical energy
to be converted to thermal energy or light.
The metal which makes up a light bulb
filament or stovetop eye has a high
electrical resistance. This causes light
and heat to be given off.
The unit for measuring resistance is the
ohm (Ω).
What are electric circuits?
Circuits typically contain a voltage source, a wire
conductor, and one or more devices which use the
electrical energy.
What is a series circuit?
A series circuit is one which provides a single pathway
for the current to flow. If the circuit breaks, all devices
using the circuit will fail.
What is a parallel circuit?
A parallel circuit has multiple pathways for the current to
flow. If the circuit is broken the current may pass through
other pathways and other devices will continue to work.
What is the difference between an open circuit and a
closed circuit?
A closed circuit is one in which the pathway of the electrical
current is complete and unbroken.
An open circuit is one in which the pathway of the electrical
current is broken. A switch is a device in the circuit in which the
circuit can be closed (turned on) or open (turned off).
Direct current versus alternating current –
AC vs DC : What’s the difference?
Direct current is electrical current which comes from a battery which
supplies a constant flow of electricity in one direction.
Alternating current is electrical current which comes from a generator.
As the electromagnet is rotated in the permanent magnet the direction of
the current alternates once for every revolution.
Go to this website and click the button for DC then for AC to visually see
the difference between the two.
You can see that the DC source is a battery – current flows in one
direction. The AC source is the generator and the current alternates once
for each revolution.
What is magnetism?
Magnetism is the properties and interactions of magnets
The earliest magnets were found naturally in the mineral
magnetite which is abundant the rock-type lodestone. These
magnets were used by the ancient peoples as compasses to
guide sailing vessels.
Magnets produce magnetic forces and have magnetic field lines
Magnets have two ends or poles, called north and
south poles. At the poles of a magnet, the magnetic field
lines are closer together.
Unlike poles of magnets attract
each other and like poles of
magnets repel.
The earth is like a giant magnet!
The nickel iron core of the earth gives the earth a
magnetic field much like a bar magnet.
What are magnetic domains?
Magnetic substances like iron, cobalt, and nickel are
composed of small areas where the groups of atoms are
aligned like the poles of a magnet. These regions are
called domains. All of the domains of a magnetic
substance tend to align themselves in the same direction
when placed in a magnetic field. These domains are
typically composed of billions of atoms.
Electricity and Magnetism – how
are they related?
When an electric current passes through a wire a
magnetic field is formed.
What is an electromagnet?
When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire
wrapped around a metal core, a very strong magnetic
field is produced. This is called an electromagnet.
How does an electric motor work?
Go to the next slide 
Simple as that!!
We have seen how electricity can produce a magnetic
field, but a magnetic field can also produce electricity!
How?
What is electromagnetic induction?
Moving a loop of wire through a magnetic field produces
an electric current. This is electromagnetic induction.
A generator is used to convert
mechanical energy into electrical energy by
electromagnetic induction.
Carefully study the next diagrams:
Warm up 2/2
What does this process create?
When two objects rub against each other
electrons transfer and build up on an object
causing it to have a different charge from its
surroundings.
DRAW
Answer the question on both articles.
You must use the thinking notes.
Burrito summary Method
1. Name it!- Identify what you are summarizing: use names and titles
2. Verb It!- Use a verb to help you organize your summary: tells, shows, explains, describes,
gives, compares, lists…
3. Finish It!- Finish Your thought.
Boggle
2 minutes: Study notes
2 minutes: Record any information you can remember
without notes
2 minutes: Share with one other student. Add his/her
knowledge to your list.
2 minutes: Leave your buddy. Compare with another
student. Receive a point for each fact that you have that the
other student doesn’t have.
Warm up 2/3
What is the opposition to the flow of an
electric current, causing the electrical
energy to be converted to thermal energy
or light called?
What is????
What is electricity?
What is electrical current?
What is an electric circuit?
Draw an example of electricity and electric
circuits in your life.
Stand up and make a big circle around the
Classroom
Students I represent a battery and you all represent a wire conductor.
The circle represents a circuit.
Students these objects represent electrons inside a wire conductor.
A wire conductor is full of electrons.
All batteries have a positive end, represented by your left hand, and a negative
end, represented by your right hand. Pass your "electron" to the student on your
right. The student receiving your electron should in turn pass the one he or she
is holding to the right.
The flow of these electrons is called an electrical current.
Who am I????
In this game you will be handed a either a word or a definition it is your job to find and match
with the appropriate word or definition. You have 5 minutes to do so.
Answers for Who am I?
Direct current- is electrical current which comes from a battery which supplies a constant flow of electricity in one
direction.
Alternating current- is electrical current which comes from a generator. As the electromagnet is rotated in the
permanent magnet the direction of the current alternates once for every revolution
closed circuit- is one in which the pathway of the electrical current is complete and unbroken.
Lighting- An electrical discharge causes this.
open circuit- is one in which the pathway of the electrical current is broken. A switch is a device in the circuit in which
the circuit can be closed (turned on) or open (turned off).
Conductor- is a material which allows an electric current to pass. Metals are good for this.
Insulator- is a material which does not allow an electric current to pass.
Static Electricity-is stationary or collects on the surface of an object, whereas current electricity is flowing very rapidly
through a conductor.
Answers for Who am I?
Resistance - opposition presented to the current by a material or device
series circuit - circuit in which the parts are joined one after another such that the current in each part is the same
parallel circuit - circuit in which the parts are joined in branches so that the potential difference across each part is the
same
magnetic field - space near a magnet where a magnetic force acts on objects
magnetic field lines
electromagnetism - interaction between electricity and magnetism
electromagnet - coil with a soft iron core that acts as a magnet while an electric current is in the coil
Current Electricity- the flow of electricity in current electricity has electrical pressure or voltage. Electric charges flow
from an area of high voltage to an area of low voltage.
Electric Discharge- is the passing of an electric current through the air from a negatively charged object to a positively
charge object.
Warm up 2/4
What is a circuit in
which the parts are
joined in branches so
that the potential
difference across each
part is the same?
Creating Circuits Lab
Follow the instruction on the lab. Your group will need.
2 D-cell Batteries
6 Wires
4 Light bulbs with bulb holders
2 Battery Holders
You will have 30 minutes to complete this lab.
Once you have finished your group communicator needs to be
ready to present.
Warm up 2/5
What is a circuit called that uses a light switch?
And what happens to the circuit when the switch is
turned on?
Group presentations
You have 10 minutes to get your circuit set up.
Work Session
Read pgs. 474-481 Complete Section Review on
pg. 481
Read pgs. 482-489 Complete Section Review on
pg. 489
You’re stuck here until…
As a group you must define one of the vocabulary words listed below.
Resistance
series circuit
parallel circuit
magnetic field
electromagnetism
electromagnet
Open circuit
Closed Cicuit
Warm up 2/8
Name an advantage of a parallel circuit.
Name a disadvantage of a parallel circuit.
Thumbs up/Thumbs down
Thumbs up if you are comfortable with the content.
Thumbs down if you are not comfortable at all
Sideways is “I kind of understand but need more practice.
I know the advantages of parallel circuit.
I know the disadvantages of a parallel.
I know the advantages of a series circuit.
I know the disadvantages of series circuit.
Warm up 2/9
Name an advantage of a series circuit.
Name a disadvantage of a series circuit.
DRAW
Use thinking notes to annotate the article answer all questions completely.
What do a wrecking yard, a rock concert and your front door have in
common? They each use electromagnets, devices that create a magnetic
field through the application of electricity. Wrecking yards employ extremely
powerful electromagnets to move heavy pieces of scrap metal or even entire
cars from one place to another. Your favorite band uses electromagnets to
amplify the sound coming out of its speakers. And when someone rings your
doorbell, a tiny electromagnet pulls a metal clapper against a bell.
Fishbowl
Write one question you have about the topic of this lesson.
This can be something for you which know the answer to or
for which you want an answer.
Form an inner and outer circle. Share your question with
the person in front of you see if they know the answer,
switch who is asking question.
Your que to rotate and stop is the music.
Warm up 2/10
What is an electromagnet?
Give an example of how electromagnets
are used?
Quiz
You may write on the quiz.
Work Session
Electromagnet lab.
Lab Wrap Up
Go over misconceptions and problems .
Warm up 2/11
Is an electromagnet a temporary or permanent
magnet?
How is a series and parallel circuit alike?
Work Session
Electromagnet lab.
When you are finished you need to grab
your homework and complete the
diagram for series and parallel circuits.
3-2-1 Groups
In your group discuss for 5 minutes
3 things you learned
2 things you have a question about
1 thing you want to know
Your group communicator will present this will be a quiz grade.
Almost There Test 2/12
Warm up 2/22
In which direction do
magnetic field lines run
out of a magnet?
Work Session
Work on Study guide
End of Unit Test Friday 2/26
Be the Teacher
First you will answer a question when the ball is
thrown to you then you will throw the ball to
someone else in the class and ask them a question
you have come up with.
Warm up 2/23
Quick Writes: What do you know about lightning?
If you rub the soles of your shoes on a carpet and then go to touch a metal
object, you may experience a slight electric shock and observe a small spark
as you go to touch the object.
Explain what actually occurs to produce this shock.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDDfkKEa2ls
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4WL0s09Z9c
The top ten states, along with Puerto Rico and the
District of Columbia, and their number of casualties
(deaths and injuries) from lightning strikes are:
Florida
1523
Michigan
732
Pennsylvania
644
North Carolina
629
New York
577
Ohio
545
Texas
498
Tennessee
473
Georgia
410
Colorado
394
The bottom ten were:
Delaware
42
Washington
40
Puerto Rico
36
North Dakota
35
Vermont
30
Oregon
26
Dist. Of Columbia
23
Nevada
18
Hawaii
4
Alaska
0
Ticket out the door
In your group rip one sheet of paper into equal parts
so that everyone has something to write on.
How does the actual lightning strike occur?
Warm up 2/24
Take everything off of your desk.
Material managers grab quizzes and i-responds
for your group.
Simple electric motor Lab
1.5 V battery in series
5 ceramic magnet
20-30 cm long magnet wire
2 large paper clips
1 rubber band
sandpaper
Start by winding the wire 10 times around a marker. Once you have tied
off created the armature then rub the color off the wire with sand paper.
Lab wrap up
What kinds of things did you notice or learn from building a simple electric motor?
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Warm up 2/25
List the advantages and disadvantages of
parallel circuits.
Closing
What questions do you have about the test tomorrow?
Test
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