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Female Reproductive System Yellow Book Chapter Three Lesson 2 Page 35 External Female Reproductive Organs • Mons Pubis: rounded mound of fatty tissue located directly over the pubic bone • Labia Majora: fatter outer folds on either side of the vaginal opening • Labia Minora: small folds of skin which contain oil glands and blood vessels • Vaginal Opening: opening for reproduction, menstruation and childbirth • Clitoris: small knob of tissue that contains many nerve endings • Urethral Opening: where urine leaves the female Internal Female Reproductive Organs • Ovaries: two female sex glands that produce the mature ova and female hormones • Fallopian Tubes: carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus (Fertilization takes place here.) • Uterus: hollow muscular organ that receives, holds and nourished the fertilized ovum during pregnancy • Endometrium: the lining of the uterus • Cervix: opening of the uterus • Vagina: elastic, muscle lined tube that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body Menstrual Cycle • Ovulation: process of releasing one mature ovum (egg) each month into a fallopian tube With each cycle, the uterus prepares for a possible pregnancy. • Menstruation: process of shedding the uterine lining. -Cycle begins on the first day of bleeding. -Most females begin menstruating between the ages of 10 and 15. Days of the Menstrual Cycle • Days 1-8: The cycle begins with the first day of menstruation (bleeding) • Days 9-13: The hormones FSH and LH cause an egg to mature in one of the ovaries • Day 14: Ovulation (release of an egg) occurs • Days 15-28: The egg travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus. If the egg is not fertilized the cycle begins again. Menstrual Health Care Hygiene -very important -showering/bathing daily -sanitary pads, panty shields (which are used to absorb menstrual flow) should be changed every few hours -Tampons, which are cylinders of absorbent material that are inserted into the vagina should also be changed frequently. Menstrual Cycle How to Deal with Menstrual Cycle Discomfort • Increase Water • Decrease Caffeine • Decrease Salt • Exercise/Stretch Concerns About the Female Reproductive System • • • • • • PMS: premenstrual syndrome Dysmenorrhea: severe menstrual cramps Amenorrhea: lack of menstruation by age 16 Infertility Infection: Toxic shock syndrome Cancer: Breast cancer/cervical cancer Female Reproductive Health • Discharge: the lining of the vagina are constantly being shed, this often causes a slight vaginal discharge. • Pelvic Examination: recommends that females start yearly visits to a gynecologist (female doctor) after they become sexually active or no later than age 21 • Breast Self-Examination