Download Asia: China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia

Asia:
China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia
PART I
I.
Geography
A) China
▪ 96% of the population lives on Eastern Coast
▪ Mountains: Himalayas—South, Southwest borders; separate India and China
▪ Rivers: 1) Chang (Yangtze)—central China, most important
2) Huang (Yellow)—Northern China; “River of Sorrow”—floods (loess yellow soil)
▪ Deserts: Gobi Mongolia—North; isolates China
B) Japan
▪ Geographically isolated
▪ Archipelago—chain of islands
▪ Mountains—85% of area is terrace farming
▪ Rivers—not many—not good for transportation needs
▪ Coastline—where 75% of people live
▪ Natural Resources—very little must export resources (oil)
C) Southeast Asia
▪ Isolates from other parts of Asia
▪ Rivers: Mekong—longest in SE Asia, running from Tibet to Vietnam
▪ Monsoons—like India, heavy rains from June to September; helps rice but destroys soil, minerals
▪ Climate—tropical rain forest, 80 in. per year on average
II. The Ancient World
A) First People
1) Indus River Valley Civilization: 2500 BC, Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro
a. Temples, graineries, brick houses with plumbing
b. Most were farmers, first to grow & weave cotton
2) China—grew around the Yellow River Valley
a. Called the Middle Kingdom: believed their culture was the center of the earth, ethnocentric
b. Dynasty: the ruling family in China (set up by the Shang); believed in the
Mandate of Heaven (divine right): emperor rules by God
c. Most people are rural (country) peasants
d. Polytheistic, nature spirits, yin & yang
B) Classical Civilization
1) CHINA: 1027 BC—Zhou Dynasty, 800 years long, began Mandate of Heaven & feudalism (grant control
to supporters), economy grew, made silk (sparks trade)
2) Shi Huangdi (leader of the) Qin Dynasty (221 BC): centralizes govt and builds the Great Wall
3) Han Dynasty (206 BC): eased harsh Qin policies  led for 400 years; most progressive
a. famous emperor, Wudi, made civil service which established Confucian values in daily life
b. paper, wheel barrow, fishing reel, rudder, acupuncture, remedies, anesthesia, chemistry
4) INDIA: 321 BC—Mauryan Empire; first united empire, bureaucracy (system of govt run by departments &
appointed officials)
a. Mauryan leader, Asoka, promotes Buddhism, peaceful and prosperous; trade flourished
5) Trade: India had high demand goods (textiles, gems, spices), China opened the Silk Road (connected it
with Mesopotamia) during the Han.
C) Decline of Han Empire: due to political causes (too many military leaders with power), economic (did not
maintain infrastructure for trade, high taxes), military (invaders).
D) Religions:
1) China: Confucianism—family is essential, patriarchal (male), social order, morality is essential
Taoism—self knowledge, contemplation, personal freedom, yin-yang (balance)
2) Japan: Shintoism—way of the spirits (Kami), all things have Kami, imperial family has special Kami
Buddhism—incorporates Shintoism, 2 secsare Jodo & Zen (Jodo = faith/spiritual intervention;
Zen = strict discipline)
3) India: Hinduism—Vedas, Upanishads, Gods—Brabma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer)
Reincarnation, Karma, Dharma (rules), Moksha (internal peace).
Buddhism—Siddharta Gautama (founder), 4 Noble Truths, Goal of Nirvana
Janism—opposite to Hinduism; non-violence, vegetarian, no killing
Sikhism—Nanak (founder), monotheism, no castes or reincarnation
III. Expanding Connections
A) Gupta Empire (320 AD): united India with strong local leaders, bringing peace & prosperity; strong influence
of Hinduism, discoveries in math & science (zero, plastic surgery)
1) Caste System: expanded to include many groupings—karma believed to determine
caste, cannot change caste (status) in present life
B) Tang Dynasty (618) & Song Dynasty (960)—powerful, had tributary states, female power
1) Strict social order
a. Gentry: landowners, study Confucianism, civil servants (few in number, high power)
b. Peasants: majority, work land, in small villages
c. Merchants: richer, but low in status because they make money off of others, education to become gentry
Name __________________________________
ASIA, PART 1
Multiple Choice.
1. The early civilizations of the Nile River Valley, Mesopotamia, & the Huang He were similar because they were
similar because they were
1.
2.
3.
4.
dependent on fertile land
monotheistic
industrialized societies
dependent on each other for trade
2. In traditional India, the caste system and the Hindu beliefs in karma and dharma most directly resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
the establishment of a set of rules for each individual society
the rapid industrialization of the economy
a strong emphasis on the acquisitions of wealth
a strong belief in the importance of education
3. According to the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that
1.
2.
3.
4.
the ruler should be chosen dramatically
the evil in humans must be eliminated
ancestor worship should be discontinued
individuals should know and do what is expected of them
4. In traditional Chinese culture, which philosophy had the greatest influence on the development of social order and
political organization
1.
2.
3.
4.
Taoism
Shintoism
Confucianism
Marxism
5. Both the Ancient Romans and the Ancient Chinese viewed foreigners as barbarians. This is an
example of
1.
2.
3.
4.
cultural diffusion
materialism
imperialism
ethnocentrism
6. During the centuries of dynastic rule, the Chinese rejected other cultures as inferior to their own. This
situation illustrates the concept of
1.
2.
3.
4.
ethnocentrism
imperialism
social mobility
cultural diffusion
7. Which characteristic did the early civilizations that developed along the Nile, the Tigris-Euphrates and
the Huang He (Yellow River) have in common?
1.
2.
3.
4.
each society’s religious beliefs were based on monotheism
urban communities were built using iron and steel tools
the form of government in each community was based on male suffrage
transportation and communication were promoted by a mild climate, fertile soil, and natural
waterways
8. Which statement best explains why most of the population of the people’s Republic of China live in the
eastern third of the nation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
best agricultural land is in the East
largest forests are in the East
best fishing areas are off the eastern coast
largest oil deposits are in the East
9. Which is an accurate statement about Japan’s natural resources?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Japan has extensively used the seas for fishing
large reserves of petroleum are located in the northern part of Japan
Japan has large fertile plains suitable for growing grain
large coal and iron-ore deposits are located in the mountain region
10. In Japan, a major economic problem has been the lack of
1.
2.
3.
4.
natural resources
investment capital
skilled labor
experienced management
11. Both Japan and Indonesia are made up of a chain of islands called
1.
2.
3.
4.
an archipelago
a peninsula
a delta
an atoll
12. In addition to providing water for Indian agriculture, the Ganges River remains important to India
because it is
1.
2.
3.
4.
the only source of Indian hydroelectric power
a sacred river for the Hindu population
the birthplace of Hindu culture
an unofficial boundary between the Hindus and Muslim
Document-Based Questions
DOCUMENT 1
Whoever honors his own [religion] and disparages another man’s, whether from blind loyalty or with the
intention of showing his own [religion] in a favorable light, does his own [religion] the greatest possible
harm. Concord [peaceful harmony] is best, with each hearing and respecting the other’s teachings. It is
the wish of the [king] that members of all [religions] should be learned and should teach virtue.
--Asoka, Edicts, about 270 B.C.
1. Explain in your own words how Asoka felt people of one belief system should interact with followers
of another belief system.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
DOCUMENT 2
Asia:
China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia
PART I
II. Geography
D) China
▪ 96% of the population lives on Eastern Coas
▪ Mountains: Himalayas—South, Southwest borders; ________________________________________
▪ Rivers: 1) Chang (Yangtze)—central China, most important
2) Huang (Yellow)—Northern China; “River of Sorrow”: _______________________________
Deserts: Gobi Mongolia—North; isolates China
E) Japan
▪ ______________________________________
▪ Archipelago—chain of islands
▪ Mountains: _________________________________________________________________________
▪ Rivers—not many—not good for transportation needs
▪ Coastline—where 75% of people live
▪ Natural Resources—very little must export resources (oil)
F) Southeast Asia
▪ Isolates from other parts of Asia
▪ Rivers: Mekong—longest in SE Asia, running from Tibet to Vietnam
▪ Monsoons—like India, ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
▪
Climate—tropical rain forest, 80 in. per year on average
II. The Ancient World
A) First People
1) Indus River Valley Civilization: 2500 BC, Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro
a. Temples, graineries, brick houses with plumbing
b. ________________________________________________________________________________
2) China—grew around the Yellow River Valley
a. Called the Middle Kingdom: ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
b. Dynasty: the ruling family in China (set up by the Shang); believed in the
Mandate of Heaven (divine right): ____________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________________________
d. Polytheistic, nature spirits, yin & yang
B) Classical Civilization
1) CHINA: 1027 BC—Zhou Dynasty, 800 years long, began Mandate of Heaven & feudalism (grant control
to supporters), economy grew, __________________________________________________________
2) Shi Huangdi (leader of the) Qin Dynasty (221 BC): centralizes govt and _________________________
3) Han Dynasty (206 BC): eased harsh Qin policies  led for 400 years; most progressive
a. famous emperor, Wudi, made _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
b. paper, wheel barrow, fishing reel, rudder, acupuncture, remedies, anesthesia, chemistry
4) INDIA: 321 BC—Mauryan Empire; first united empire, bureaucracy: _____________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
a. Mauryan leader, Asoka, promotes Buddhism, peaceful and prosperous; trade flourished
5) Trade: India had high demand goods (textiles, gems, spices), China opened the Silk Road: ___________
____________________________________________________________________________________
C) Decline of Han Empire: due to political causes (too many military leaders with power), economic (did not
maintain infrastructure for trade, high taxes), military (invaders).
D) Religions:
1) China: Confucianism—family is essential, patriarchal (male), social order, morality is essential
Taoism—self knowledge, contemplation, personal freedom, yin-yang (balance)
2) Japan: Shintoism—way of the spirits (Kami), all things have Kami, imperial family has special Kami
Buddhism—incorporates Shintoism, 2 secsare Jodo & Zen (Jodo = faith/spiritual intervention;
Zen = strict discipline)
3) India: Hinduism—Vedas, Upanishads, Gods—Brabma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer)
Reincarnation, Karma, Dharma (rules), Moksha (internal peace).
Buddhism—Siddharta Gautama (founder), 4 Noble Truths, Goal of Nirvana
Janism—opposite to Hinduism; non-violence, vegetarian, no killing
Sikhism—Nanak (founder), monotheism, no castes or reincarnation
III. Expanding Connections
A) Gupta Empire (320 AD): united India with strong local leaders, bringing peace & prosperity; strong influence of
Hinduism, discoveries in math & science (zero, plastic surgery)
1) Caste System: expanded to include many groupings—karma believed to determine caste, ____________
____________________________________________________________________________________
C) Tang Dynasty (618) & Song Dynasty (960)—powerful, had tributary states, female power
1) Strict social order
a. Gentry: landowners, study Confucianism, civil servants (few in number, high power)
b. Peasants: ________________________________________________________________________
c. Merchants: richer, but _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________