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“Becoming a World Power” Section 1: “The United States Continues to Expand” By the 1880s, American leaders became convinced imperialism that the U.S. should take part in _________________, the policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories. Europe had used imperialism for many years. By the early 20th century ____________________ and Ethiopia Liberia ________________ were the only independent countries in Africa. Imperialist countries also competed for claims in Asia Japan _________, where they had to compete with _______. 3 factors helped fuel the development of American Economic imperialism: 1) ______________interests. Economic leaders argued that expansion would increase U.S. financial prosperity. New colonies were a potential raw materials Military source of cheap __________________. 2) ___________ Interests. ____________________ Alfred T. Mahan had argued that economic interests went hand-in-hand with Mili_____ tary ________ interests. 3) Belief in cultural superiority. Many Americans believed their gov’t, religion and race were superior to those of other societies. democratic ideas Some saw a chance to spread ____________________, Christianity while others wanted to advance __________________. Wlm. Seward A strong backer of expansion was _______________, Alaska who arranged to purchase ______________ from Russia in 1867. Newspapers referred to Alaska as Seward’s icebox “__________________________.” In the early 1800s, Christian missionaries from the Kingdom of Hawaii U.S. had moved to the __________________________ to convert the local population. By the late 1800s, wealthy ________________ dominated Hawaii’s planters economy. In 1891, ________________________ became leader of Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii. She wanted to limit the power of the planters ___________, upsetting American planters who saw political ecoher as a threat to their ________________ and ______ renomic ______ interests. In Jan. 1893, they staged a _____ volt _____. With the help of the __________________, they U.S. Marines set up their own gov’t., then asked to be _________ annexed by the U.S. In 1887, American leaders had pressured Hawaii to Pearl Harbor allow a U.S. naval base at ____________________, the kingdom’s best port. It became an important refueling station for American merchant ships Asia bound for _________. Grover Cleveland President ______________________________ did not approve of the planters’ actions and withdrew a treaty to annex HI. It would not be annexed until 1898. Section 2: “The Spanish-American War” Read “One American’s Story” p. 662. By the 1890s, Spain controlled only the Philippine Cuba Puerto Rico Islands, _________ and _________________and many inhabitants of these colonies began to demand independence. Cuba __________ had rebelled against Spain many times. the U.S. This revolt caused alarm in _______________ trade because it disrupted ___________ with Cuba. Joseph The newspaper, The World, owned by ____________ Pulitzer ______________ and the New York Journal, owned by William Randolph Hearst were battling for ___________________________ customers. Both papers described, and often exag_____ gerated news about Spanish cruelty. This __________ yellow sensational type of writing became known as _____ journalism ______________. “The United States Goes to War” _______________________, William McKinley president in 1898, did not want war, but the public, stirred up by sensational newspaper reports _______________________, forced him to take action. He demanded that Spain halt its harsh treatment of Cubans, but little changed. U.S.S. Maine In January 1898, McKinley sent the _______________ to Cuba to protect U.S. citizens from riots. The Havana’s following month it exploded and sank in _________ harbor, killing 260 sailors. one knows who No ___________________caused the explosions. Most an accident historians think it was __________________. The Spain Americans blamed ________. “Remember the Maine _________” became a call to arms. When Spain Spanishrefused to withdraw from Cuba, the _____________ American began. _____________ the Philippines The first battle was fought in ____________________. Many _______________ had revolted against the Filipinos Spanish as well. The Filipino independence movement attracted the Roosevelt asst. secretary of attention of Theodore __________________, the navy, who put American ships in Hong Kong on alert. George Dewey Commodore _______________________ set out for Manila, Philippines before the war began. The Manila Bay battle in _____________________ began in the early morning and by a little past noon, Dewey’s forces had destroyed the Spanish fleet. “The War in the Caribbean” Teddy One of the new recruits for the war was _________ Roosevelt Rough _____________, who helped organize the _________ ________________, a volunteer cavalry unit. When Riders the recruits arrived in Cuba, many became sick tropical diseases with _____________________. In order to gain control of Santiago’s port, San Juan Hill American troops had to capture __________________. African Americans from the Tenth Cavalry ______________________ began to drive the Spanish back. Two days later, American ships destroyed Spain’s Santiago Harbor fleet as it tried to escape ________________________. On August 12, 1898, Spain signed a truce. “Results of the War” Puerto American leaders demanded Spain give up _______ Rico Cuba the Philippines __________, _________, and ____________________. A difficult question dealt with the Philippines, whose citizens had fought alongside Americans indewith the understanding that they would gain ______ pendence ________________. President McKinley decided that colony the country would become an American __________. Emilio Aguinaldo rebelled and Filipinos led by ____________________ the U.S. did not restore order until 1902. The U.S. also had to decide what to do about Cuba. Platt Amendment The Cubans had to add the _____________________, which gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime, to their constitution. They also Guantánamo had to allow a U.S. naval base at _________________ Bay ______. Puerto Rico ________________ became a territory, and its citizens had little to say in their own affairs. Not until 1917 would the U.S. make it a self-governing territory and grant U.S. ________________ citizenship to its citizens. Several well-known Americans, including Andrew Mark Twain Carnegie, Jane Addams, and ____________________ Anti-Imperopposed imperialism and created the _____________ Ialist League _____________. They believed Americans should not deny other people sovereignty. Their voice was lost in the roar of popular approval of the war.
