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Chapter 21-22 Review Responses to Industrial Revolution and Democratic Revolution Conservatism (1815-1830) • Klemens Metternich and the Congress of Vienna • Conservatism • Balance of Power • Principle of Legitimacy • Concert of Europe and the Quadruple Alliance Latin Revolts and stuff • Principle of Intervention • Simon Bolivar the Liberator and Jose de San Martin • Louis 18 in France replaced by ultra royalists • Burschenchaften in Germany • Nicholas I and most Russians became reactionaries after the Northern Union and Alexander I Ideologies and Change • Liberalism (Changes to traditional methods) • • • • Malthus and Ricardo Capitalism Political=Enlightenment stuff John Stuart Mill advocate of women and other people • Nationalism (extreme patriotism) • Socialism (Human cooperation greater than competition) • Utopian Socialists • Charles Fourier and phalanstery • Robert Owen success and failure • Flora Tristen Revolution/Reform (1830-50) • French Revolution round 3 Charles X then Louis Philippe • Tories(conservative) and Whigs (liberals kind of) • The Reform Act (liberalish) Poor Law (liberalish) No Corn Law • Revs of 1848 • France kicks out LP and goes socialists with Blanc (FAIL) • Germany FredWill4 says lets make a country Grossdeutsch vs Kleindeutsch in the end No'deutsch (FAIL) • Austria Metternich out Russia helps Austrian drive out Hungarians (FAILish) • America goes DEMOCRATIC with Andrew Jackson (WINish) Police • With the rise in Urban living came a wave of violence and poverty • Local law enforcement created in France with Debelleyme and the Serjents • British Bobbies • German Schultzmannschaft • Prison is it a good thing or not? Cost for security Romanticism • Romanticism is a focus on feelings and intuition not just reason • Individualism • Gothic literature and the Grimm brothers, Ivanhoe, Edgar Allen Poe, Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein • Pantheism and Awakening • Art and Music • Delacroix, Beethoven, Berlioz Napoleon III • A new empire in France with government spending • Supported for domestic work (wide roads, sewage, suffrage, legalized trade unions etc) • Disaster in Mexico (max gets killed) • (going to lose Franco Prussian but that comes later) • Crimean War • Russia vs Ottomans over Christian shrines • Austria is neutral and Britain and France side with Ottomans • No Concert of Europe and Florence Nightingale (nurse) Unification of Italy • (previously) Giuseppe Mazzini led a Risorgimento (resurgence) movement with Carbonari (FAIL) • Camilo Cavour of Piedmont makes deal with France to drive out Austrians (FAIL) • Giuseppe Garibaldi and Red Shirts come from the south and almost succeed until stopped by Cavour (FAILish) • Cavour defeats Garibaldi and unifies ITALY (WIN) Unification of Germany • (previously Buschenschaften led to increased nationalism) • Zollverein (customs union) claimed that Germanic people shouldn’t tax each other but treat each other like a country • King FredWill4 replaced by FredWill1 but the big shot is Bismarck • Realpolitik leads to Danish War and Austrian War (WIN WIN) • Franco Prussian War Bismarck tricks France (WIN) • Dispute between Hohenzollern dynasty • Bismarck the honey badger don’t care! Nation Building • Austria and the Ausgleich • In Russia Alex II abolishes serfdom but Mir collect payments, Zemstvos lead to liberal reforms • Alex killed by People’s Will (inspired by Populist Alex Herzen) • GB the Victorian Age Queen Victoria lasts a freaking long time encouraged manners • Disraeli and Reform Act helps people gain suffrage (a torrie) • Gladsone (a liberal made many liberal reforms) Marxism (1850-70) • Government determining how to help Industrialization • Karl Marx/Friedrich Engels and the Communist Manifesto • Marxism encouraged a movement of the proletariat against the wealthy • Claims history is determined by class struggle • Das Kapital furthered these ideas and created the foundation of Communism (violent overthrow of the wealthy) Science and Realism • • • • • Louis Pasteur pasteurization Michael Faraday early work on electricity Joseph Lister and antiseptic Auguste Comte furthered sociology Materialism understanding through material evidence • Charles Darwin and evolution (natural selection and organic evolution and struggle for existence) • Realism: Real life characters (Gustave Flaubert and Madame Bovary and Charles Dickens and Oliver Twist) • Art and Music realistic
