Download ProteinSynthesisGame

DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
Review
Quiz Tomorrow!
Teams
 Group A (Name?)
 Group B (Name?)
Teams take turns answering questions. Each team gets thirty seconds
to answer their question before the other group has a chance to steal
it. The other group then has to answer immediately. For each
correct answer during your group’s turn, you get 10 points. For
each stolen question answered correctly, you get 20 points. If there
is a tie at the end, the groups will choose a representative to duel.
Ro-sham will decide which team gets the first question.
Glittering Prizes
 Winning team may choose one of the test questions.
 Pride and bragging rights
1. What are the three main differences
between RNA and DNA?
 DNA is double-stranded; RNA is single-stranded.
 DNA has thymine; RNA has uracil.
 DNA nucleotides have one fewer oxygen atom on the sugar.
(i.e. deoxyribose sugar in DNA vs. ribose sugar in RNA)
2. What would the corresponding
mRNA look like for this DNA strand?
TACATTGCG
 AUGUAACGC
3. True or false: All cells in your
body have the same DNA.
 True, except for red blood cells, which lack a nucleus.
4. What are the two main steps of
protein synthesis called?
 Transcription and translation
5. Where do transcription and
translation occur?
 Transcription occurs in the nucleus.
 Translation occurs in the cytoplasm at a ribosome (either a
free-floating ribosome or on the endoplasmic reticulum).
6. Which cell part could be compared
to a castle wall, and which two types of
cells do they occur in?
 A cell wall is like a castle wall because it provides a rigid
barrier (unlike the cell membrane, which is flexible).
 Plant and bacterial cells have cell walls but animal cells do
not.
7. Categorize each as prokaryotic or
eukaryotic: plant, animal, and bacterial
cells.
 Plant: eukaryotic
 Animal: eukaryotic
 Bacteria: prokaryotic
8. What is the most major difference
between eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells?
 Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles.
9. What is the three-letter ending
for enzymes?
 -ase
10. What enzyme unzips the DNA
helix to begin transcription?
 RNA polymerase
11. What are the three parts of a
nucleotide?
 Sugar
 Phosphate
 Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, T/U)
11. What are the three parts of a
nucleotide?
 Sugar
 Phosphate
 Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, T/U)
12. How is the mRNA transcript
made?
 Free-floating RNA nucleotides in the nucleus bind to the
base pairs on one strand of the unwound DNA.
13. What is the difference between
exons and introns?
 Exons contain the meaningful code. They are expressed in
the protein.
 Introns are taken out in mRNA editing.
14. What are the three steps that
occur in mRNA processing/editing?
 Introns are removed and exons are spliced together.
 A cap is added to the front of the mRNA for energy.
 A poly-A tail ( hundreds of As) is added to the back for
protection in the cytoplasm.
15. What is the difference between
a codon and an anti-codon?
 Codon: a group of three bases on the mRNA.
 Anti-codon: a group of three bases on the tRNA that binds to
the mRNA.
16. How does the tRNA know
where to drop off its amino acid?
 Its anti-codon is complementary to the mRNA codon.
17. What are the three types of
RNA?
 mRNA
 tRNA
 rRNA
18. What do the three types of RNA
do?
 mRNA: acts as a messenger, bringing information from the
nucleus to the ribosome.
 tRNA: transfers the amino acid to the ribosome.
 rRNA: combines with a protein to form a ribosome.
19. True or false: All proteins are made
of one polypeptide chain of amino
acids.
 False: Proteins are made of one or more chains of amino
acids and sometimes also include other molecules.
20. True or false: The confetti-like look
of proteins is completely determined by
the original DNA sequence.
 True.