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The Rise of Sumer Cornell Notes An Advanced Society What is a city-state? A city and all of the surrounding villages and countryside What is the difference between “rural” and “urban”? Rural is country Ex. Perris Urban is city Riverside The City-States of Sumer Where and how did most Sumerians live? How did the city- states get along with each other? Rural because they were farmers. Always at war trying to gain more land Built strong/large armies Built walls around their cities for protection Important Sumerian Leaders Gilgamesh Legendary king of Sargon the city-state of Uruk Known for his bravery and his adventures Akkadian ruler First leader to create a permanent army Created largest empire Religion Shapes Society Sumerian religion Polytheism Belief in more than one god Believed their gods were very powerful Religious leaders were called priests Sumerian Religion Polytheism The belief in many gods Each city had a god as The god would keep the protector people safe from evil spirits and bad things Could bring good crops, Gods were powerful floods, or could stop the rain prayed to the gods for the Priests interpret what the people; told what the gods gods want wanted in order to get a blessing Everyone had to serve and Crops or livestock had to be worship the gods given as offerings to the gods Sumerian Social Order Social Hierarchy Dividing a society into different ranks or classes (example) Rich Middle class Poor slaves Social Hierarchy King Priests Craftspeople, merchants, traders Believed they were chosen by the gods to rule Controlled religious practices; very powerful Traveled to other lands and brought back new ideas Farmers and laborers Helped maintain the Slaves stable food supply Free labor Social order in Sumer (cont) Men Held political power Made all laws Educated Priests Took care of the home Women and children Rarely educated Upper class only Could become a priestess H/W: Write each question in your notebook (black or blue ink). Write your responses (pencil) in complete sentences. 1. What was the basic political unit of Sumer? 2. Explain how City-States were able to protect themselves. 3. What evidence is there to suggest that Ur was an advanced city? 4. Why was Sargon’s creation of an empire important in the history of Mesopotamia? 5. Why do you think priests had so much power and influence in the ancient Sumerian society? H/W: Draw this pyramid in your organizer notebook. Next, using your notes, identify where each group in Sumerian society would be placed. Draw a picture or symbol to represent each group King Slaves Write a sentence explaining the role of each social group