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Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: The Rise of Sumer Name: Content/Class Class/Period: World History and Honors Section 3.2 Date: 23 October 2015 Essential Question: How did Sumer become one of the world’s first civilizations? Questions: Notes: * NOT necessarily in complete sentences* An Advanced Society By 3000BC, several hundreds of thousands of people lived in Mesopotamia. What is the difference between a rural area and an urban area? How were city-states set up in Sumer and The City-states of Sumer - Most people were farmers - Rural= countryside - The centers of Sumerian society were the urban areas - Urban= city - Small city-states formed and controlled their own land how did they protect themselves? What is a city-state? (usually with military strength) - City-state= a city and the countryside around it (independent city) - City-states of Sumer fought each other for farmland - City-states had strong armies and walls around the cities for protection Who was Sargon and how was he able to Rise of the Akkadian Empire - Lived north of Sumer and were not Sumerian - In the 2300s BC Sargon started to attack the Sumerian start the Akkadian Empire? city-states - Sargon was the first leader in history with a permanent army (professional soldiers) - With his army, Sargon conquered the Sumerian city- states What is an empire? - Sargon started the world’s first empire - Empire= land with different territories under one single ruler - When Sargon died, the Akkadian Empire eventually fell apart Religion Shapes Society What were the characteristics of the Sumerian religion? Religion was very important Sumerian Religion - Practiced polytheism - Polytheism= the worship of many gods - Each city-state has a protector god - They thought gods could bring bad floods and bad harvests How was the social hierarchy of the - They lived their lives to please the gods - Priests= people who perform religious ceremonies - Priests would “talk” to the gods for the people Sumerian Social Order - Priest were high up because they “talked” to the gods Sumerians set up? 1st= King 2nd= Priests (just below the kings) - Social hierarchy= the division of society by rank or class - Under the priests were the craftspeople, merchants, and traders 3rd= Craftspeople, merchants, and traders - Farmers and Labors were next 4th= Farmers and Laborers - Slaves were at the very bottom of the social order 5th= Slaves Men and Women in Sumer - Men held most of the political power (made laws) - Women took care of the home and children - Mostly only men were educated - Some rich women were allowed to be priestesses What were the different roles of Men and Women in Sumer?