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Parts of Speech Review
Nouns
TAKE NOTES IN THE GRAMMAR SECTION OF
YOUR BINDER.
Nouns
 A word or word group that is used to name a person,
a place, a thing, or an idea
Compound Nouns
 2 words for the price of 1
 One word: grandfather, baseball, football
 Hyphenated word: mother-in-law, light-year
 Two words (that go together): grand piano, jumping
jack
What do these words have in common?
 Eiffel Tower
 Auburn
 Pirates of the Caribbean
 “Lost”
 Ms. Foster
 Harry Potter
 President Obama
 Percy Jackson and the
 Brian
 London
Lightning Thief
 Atlanta Braves
 “Single Ladies”
Proper Nouns
 Proper noun: names a particular person, place,





thing, or idea
Which president? President Obama
Which teacher? Ms. Foster
Which totally awesome literary character? Harry
Potter
Which favorite TV show of Ms. Foster? Lost
Proper nouns begin with a capital letter.
What do these words have in common?
 country
 song
 girl
 movie
 dog
 table
 hairspray
 chicken
 freedom
 shoe
 religion
 language
 truth
 toothpaste
Common Nouns
 Common noun: names any person, place, thing, or
idea (or group of people, places, things, or ideas.)
 Common nouns are usually not capitalized.
What is the difference between the two
categories?
 bridge
 love
 Jordan-Hare Stadium
 fun
 chicken wing
 truth
 daisy
 wisdom
 strawberry
 Judaism
 music
 self-esteem
 Johnny Depp
 humor
 Concrete noun: names a
person, place, or thing
that can be seen, heard,
tasted, touched, or
smelled
 Abstract noun: names an
idea, a feeling, a quality,
or a characteristic
 It cannot be touched,
heard, seen, tasted, or
smelled.
Collective Nouns
 A word that names a group
 Examples: herd, team, family, crew, batch, class,
jury, committee
Jot Thoughts
 Ms. Foster has put posters around the room. In
groups, you will travel to each poster. When Ms.
Foster says “go”, you will have 30 seconds to write
down as many nouns as possible.
 Categories: Person, place, thing, idea
 Each group with write in a different color so you can
see how your group did.
 Social skill: Moving around room, quiet voices
Pronouns
TAKE NOTES IN THE GRAMMAR SECTION OF
YOUR BINDER.
Why do we need pronouns?
Ms. Fralish is my roommate. Ms. Fralish is a
coach at the high school. Ms. Fralish’s students call
Ms. Fralish Ms. FrayFray. Ms. Fralish likes to sing in
the car on the way to school. When other drivers see
Ms. Fralish, they might think Ms. Fralish is talking to
Ms. Fralish.
On the flip side…Who is he?
 He went to Publix yesterday.
 In his cart, he had bread, milk, and cheese.
 He was in line at the check-out counter.
 He handed him $10.50.
 He unloaded the groceries into his car.
 When he was backing out of his parking spot, he hit
his car.
Why do writers use pronouns?
Pronouns
 Pronoun: a word that is used in place of one or more
nouns
 The word or word group that a pronoun stands for is
called its antecedent.
 Example:
When other drivers see Ms. Fralish, they might think Ms.
Fralish is talking to Ms. Fralish.
When other drivers see Ms. Fralish, they might think she
is talking to herself.
Personal Pronouns
 A personal pronoun refers to the one speaking, the
one being spoken to, or the one being spoken about.
 First person personal pronouns: I, me, my, mine, we,
us, our, ours
 Second person personal pronouns: you, your, yours
 Third person personal pronouns: he, him, his, she,
her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs
Use personal pronouns in place of some the
nouns.
 When I turned on the lie detector, the lie detector
told me the lie detector had a headache.
When I turned on the lie detector, _____ told me
____ had a headache.
 If the doctor ever shows up, ask the doctor if the
doctor will deliver the baby.
 If the doctor ever shows up, ask ________ if
______ will deliver the baby.
 Gertrude threw the banana cream pie at the judge,
but Gertrude later apologized.
 Gertrude threw the banana cream pie at the judge,
but ______ later apologized.
How and why do writers
organize information?
COMPOSING STRONG PARAGRAPHS
Find the topic sentence, supporting details, and
conclusion in these paragraphs:
Winter is my favorite season, because I like the
clothes, the food, and the activities. In the winter, I
can wear a big coat and my favorite sweater. When
it’s cold, I can eat hot foods and soup. I like to drink
hot chocolate too. Best of all, I enjoy many winter
activities. I can play in the snow and make a
snowman. I can go skiing, ice skating, or stay at
home by the fireplace. These things make winter my
favorite season.
What do paragraphs look like?
American food is fast, cheap, and tasty. Some
countries have food that takes a long time to make,
but Americans like to eat fast food, for example: hot
dogs, hamburgers, and sandwiches. American food is
not too expensive. Some people don’t like American
food, but I think it tastes great. You can put ranch
dressing on everything to make it taste delicious. If
you are looking for food that is fast, cheap, and tasty,
you should try American food.
Do all the sentences in this paragraph stay
focused on the topic?
I don’t like tests. Every time I take a test, I feel
nervous. When I study for a test, I don’t know if I will
be able to get a good grade. Often I worry about
taking a test and can’t sleep. Sometimes I daydream
or draw pictures in class. After the test is over, I
worry about my grade. When my teacher gives the
test back to me with a grade, I still can’t relax,
because I know I will have another test soon. Tests
give me a lot of stress. That is why I don’t like tests.
What would be a topic sentence for this
paragraph?
_________________. You don’t have to take
a cat for a walk every day like a dog. You do not have
to wash cats, because they know how to clean
themselves. If you want to go on vacation, you can
leave some food and water for your cat, and it will be
okay. A cat can sleep on your bed and keep you
warm at night. I think these things make cats good
pets.
What is a concluding sentence for this
paragraph?
Halloween is a traditional American holiday.
Americans celebrate it every year on October 31st.
Children dress in Halloween costumes and go trickor-treating. Adults have parties and decorate their
homes. The stores sell a lot of candy and black and
orange decorations. At parties people eat cupcakes
and drink apple cider. They also carve pumpkins to
make jack-o-lanterns. ____________________.
From ReadWriteThink: Adapted from “Teaching Writing” by Rebekah Martindale
The Hamburger Paragraph
 Topic sentence
 Supporting details
 Conclusion sentence
Verbs
WHAT ARE YOU DOING?
Verbs
 A verb expresses action or a state of being.
 Action: We celebrated the win yesterday.
John ran up the stairs to get to his next class.
 State of being: Halloween is an American holiday.
The Jaguars are the best team at DMS.
What are they doing?
What are they doing?
The Saints celebrate their victory.
Action Verbs
 Action verbs: express physical activity
 Serena Williams swings her racket.
 Tim Tebow throws the football.
 Michael Phelps swims really fast.
 Lee Dewyze sang on the American Idol stage.
 The Saints celebrated their victory.
Action verbs continued
 Action verbs express mental activity
 Alison thought about the problem before answering.
 Jeramiya believes Jaylon when he says he cut his
finger.
Identify the Action Verbs
1.
For a science project, Maura built a volcano.
2.
Ms. Evans carefully explained the word problem to
each of the students.
3.
I remembered to grade your homework.
4.
Dr. Jones wishes he was as cool as Ms. Foster.
5.
Scotty’s bike suddenly skidded and fell hard on the
pavement.
Who is she???
Linking Verbs
 Linking verb: A verb that expresses a state of being.
It connects, or links, the subject to a word or word
group that identifies or describes that subject.
 Example: Beyonce is a singer.
More examples:
Beyonce seems nice.
The verb, seems, links nice to the subject, Beyonce.
Beyonce sounds amazing.
Common linking verbs
appear
feel
look
seem
sound
taste
become
grow
remain
smell
stay
turn
Forms of Be
am
were
is
has been
shall be
are
have been
may be
was
had been
might be
would have been
will be
can be
should be
More Examples of Linking Verbs
 Serena Williams is a tennis player.
 Tim Tebow remained focused at the game.
 Michael Phelps becomes a fish in the water.
 Lee Dewyze is this year’s American Idol.
 Substitute an equals (=) sign for each linking verb. If
the subject and predicate part are the same, then you
have a linking verb!
Beyonce = a singer.
Beyonce is a singer.
Chocolate ice cream tastes delicious.
Chocolate ice cream = delicious
Helping Verbs
 Helping verb: “helps” the main verb express action
or state of being. In other words, it helps the linking
verb or action verb.
 Examples: can sing, did swim, has taught
 Common helping verbs: has, had, have, can, might,
could, should, may, will, did, was
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRdxXPV9GNQ
 List five verbs that you see in the video clip. List
more if you can!
 Create three sentences using those verbs.
Adjectives
THE PAINT OF LANGUAGE
Adjectives
 Adjective: a word that is used to modify (or describe) a
noun or pronoun
 Tells what kind, which one, how much, or how many
about a noun
 What kind? Curly hair, young kids, busy dentist
 Which one? Seventh grade, that road, any movie
 How much/many? Many days, ten dollars, no pens
Adjectives
Some words that typically stand alone as nouns may
be used as adjectives in some circumstances.
taco (noun)
football (noun)
taco soup (adjective)
football game (adjective)
Can you think of another example?
Proper Adjectives
 Just like proper nouns, proper adjectives are
capitalized.
 Examples: Thanksgiving dinner, African continent
Proper adjective
Noun
Adverb
Adverbs
 Adverb: a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or
another adverb
 Adverbs answer: Where? When? How? How often?
How long? To what extent? How much?
 Adverbs may be in different places in a sentence.
 Adverbs usually end in ly.
Examples
 Alexis spoke loudly so everyone could hear her.
 The fire blazed wildly through the forest.
 Sometimes John finishes early and reads a book.
Words Often Used as Adverbs
Questions
Adverbs that answer the question
Where?
away, here, inside, there, up
When?
later, now, soon, then, tomorrow
How?
clearly, easily, quietly, slowly
How often? Or How long?
always, usually, continuously, never,
forever, briefly
To what extent? Or How much?
almost, so, too, more, least, extremely,
quite, very, not
Walking Charades
 One class member will draw an adverb out of the
bucket. He or she has one minute to act out the verb
walk in the style of the adverb.
 “Act out” what you got! Your team will try to guess
what adverb you have in the one minute time frame.
 Each time we guess correctly, I will put a scoop of
popcorn in the jar.
Preposition
Preposition
 Preposition: A word that shows the relationship of a
noun or pronoun to another word.
 Notice how a preposition changes a sentence:
The dog next to the mailbox is mine.
The dog in front of the mailbox is mine.
The dog near the mailbox is mine.
 How does the relationship change between the dog and
the mailbox?
 Please look at your handout for a list of commonly used
prepositions.
The Prepositional Phrase
Preposition + Noun (object of the preposition) + any
modifiers= prepositional phrase
The dog in front of the mailbox is mine.
in front of= preposition
the= modifier
mailbox=object of the preposition
The Prepositional Phrase
 A preposition may have more than one object.
Allie’s phone call to Frank and Chris contained
happy news.
Conjunction
Conjunctions
 Conjunction: a word that joins words together
 Coordinating conjunctions: connect words or phrases in
a sentence
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Examples
 Should I go to the dance with Mike or Bryan? (2
nouns)
 That teacher is strict but fair. (2 adjectives)
 Her house is over the river and through the woods.
(2 prepositional phrases)
 Subway is good, but Chic-fil-A is better. (2
statements/complete thoughts)
Correlative Conjunctions
 They are pairs of conjunctions. These pairs work
together in a sentence.
 Both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also
 Examples: Mary not only sings but also plays guitar.
I will eat with either Laci or Kasey.
Interjection
Interjection
 Interjection: a word that expresses emotion
 An interjection just sits by itself in a sentence.
 Usually, an interjection is followed by an
exclamation point. Sometimes, the interjection is set
off by a comma.
 Commonly used interjections: aha, oops, well, wow,
yikes, yippee, rats