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Ch. 6 Skeletal System Study Guide 1. When a fracture breaks the skin, it is known as a: Compound OR Open 2. Which of these are nutritional disorders? Gigantism, Warts, Rickets, Osteosarcoma, Scurvy 3. Osteomyelitis is an example of: infection of the bone 4. What allows your body to absorb ingested calcium from the digestive tract? Calcium 5. What vices, according to your text, decreases bone mass? Avoid Smoking, Caffeine; make sure to include diet and weight bearing exercises 6. What is the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts? Osteoblast build; Osteoclast clear 7. Where are osteoprogenitor cells found? Periosteum, Endosteum, & Compact Bone 8. The phalanges and ulna are examples of what type of bone? Long 9. The mandible and cervical vertebrae are examples of what type of bone? Short 10. The parietal and scapulae bones are examples of what type of bone? Flat 11. What substance is housed in the medullary cavity, yet absent in the trabeculae? Yellow 12. What type of bony tissue makes up the adult diaphysis? Compact 13. Mature bone cells are clinically called osteocytes 14. The formation of red blood cells is called hemopoIesis 15. Nodding the head in an aggressive gesture of “yes” is employing what movement? Flexion & Extension 16. Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is called tendon. 17. Moving he joints of the ankle and foot so that the sole of one foot is facing away from the other is an example of what movement? Eversion 18. What bones belong to the axial skeleton? Skull, Ribs, Sternum, Vertebral Column 19. What bones belong to the appendicular skeleton? Clavicle, Scapula, Pelvis, Arms, Legs 20. What are the three parts of the sternum? Give a brief description of each. 1. Manubrium – Top; wide portion 2. Sternum- Body; middle portion 3. Xiphoid Process; point at the bottom 21. 4 types of vertebrae, where they are located, and how many there are. 1. Cervical 7 Neck 2. Thoracic 12 Chest 3. Lumbar 5 Lower back 4. Sacral 5 Upper Portion of the butt 22. Besides depression and elevation, what other action can the mandible preform? Protraction & Retraction 23. Which of the following is not true of osteoporosis? men cannot get it, 24. What type of arthritis is due to a buildup of acid and what is the name of the acid? Gout; Uric Acid 25. A lateral curvature of the spine is called Scoliosis. Ch. 6 Skeletal System Study Guide 26. List the 4 types of bone classification according to shape. 1. Long 2. Short 3. Flat 4. Irregular 27. List the types of congenital disorders we discussed. Achondroplasia, Cleft Palate, Clubfoot, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Kyphosis, Scoliosis, Lordosis 28. This type of fracture, in which the bone is splintered, is common in patients with osteoporosis: Comminuted 29. What is a disorder that causes lumbar pain? Herniated disk 30. Be able to label the long bone and the anterior/posterior view of the skeleton 31. What is the difference between an NSAID and acetaminophen? A P O K Q N I R J M L G B F E C H D U T W BB AA S V X Y Z 1. True Ribs 2. Ellipsoidal 3. Synovial 4. Ball and Socket 5. Gliding 6. Saddle 7. Pivot 8. Condyloid 9. Cartilaginous 10. Fibrous 11. Hinge 12. False Ribs 13. Diaphysis 14. Epiphysis 15. Osteocyte 16. Spongy Bone 17. Compact Bone 18. Osteogenesis 19. Osteoarthritis 20. Rheumatoid Arthritis 21. Ligament tear 22. Gout 23. Kyphosis 24. Osteomyelitis 25. Osteoporosis 26. Tendonitis 27. Rickets 28. Herniated disk a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. Vertebrosternal Shaft of the long bone; contains yellow marrow Trabeculae are found here; Cancellous bone Formation of bone Mature bone cell Widened end of long bones; contains red marrow Vertebrocostal Bone that is dense; gives bone its strength Neck and forearm; rotates Found at the pubic symphysis and joining ribs to sternum Hips and shoulder; multiple movement Knees and elbow; allows for flexion and extension Found on the cranium; sutures Base of the thumb; multiple movements Fluid in a joint cavity Knuckles, oval shaped bone ends; allows for adduction/abduction q. Found between the carpals and between the tarsals r. Found between wrist bones and the forearm bones; allows biaxial movement s. Antibiotics, surgery, prevention t. Anti-inflammatories, steroids, methotrexate, immune suppressants, exercise, surgery u. Heat, exercise, anti-inflammatories, surgery v. Calcium supplements, exercise, estrogen replacement w. Rest, immobilization, surgery x. Pain medication, rest, heat, ice y. Vitamin D supplement z. Rest, heat, exercise, medication, training in lifting techniques, surgery aa. Exercise, physical therapy, bracing bb. Diet, medication, rest, exercise