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PARAGRAPH READING
RESTATEMENT AND INFERENCE
ESL 1060
Restatement
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Some sentences given will contain the same
information that is in the paragraph; however, the
information is presented in a different way.
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Look for: Synonyms, key words, pronouns
Inference
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This type of statement is a conclusion that can be
drawn from the information explained in the
paragraph.
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Think about: what can you imagine are outcomes from
the ideas presented in the paragraph
False statements &
those not able to be determined
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Some statements might simply be false based on
the information in the paragraph.
For some statements, it cannot be determined
whether they are true or false based on the
information given.
Practice
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Mapping the human genome opens a new era for medical science -and a new frontier for political discrimination. New genetic research
may make it possible to identify an individual's lifetime risk of
cancer, heart attack, and other diseases. Experts worry that this
information could be used to discriminate in hiring, promotions, or
insurance. Employers and insurers could save millions of dollars if
they could use preventative genetics to identify in advance, and then
reject, workers or policy applicants who are predisposed to develop
chronic disease. Thus, genetic discrimination could join the list of
other forms or discrimination: racial, ethnic, age, and sexual.
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Information obtained by mapping a person's genome will automatically
be provided to their employers and insurance companies.
Chronic disease costs employers and insurers millions of dollars.
Genetic research will reduce the risk of cancer in an individual's lifetime.
Practice
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Some people feel very nervous when they try something new. No matter how
hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety when attempting to do something
they've never done before. A number of reasons can be mentioned as important
in explaining why some people have a fear of new experiences: early
childhood experiences, a need for security, the amount of trust they have in
others, etc. However, the most important reason seems to be a need to be in
control. As a result, when doing something new, people often tell jokes or laugh
in order to relieve their nervousness and to feel in control of a new situation.
Unfortunately, sometimes people also become loud and aggressive when they're
nervous, and the jokes they tell may be cruel or offensive. Many psychologists
believe that making someone else the target of cruel jokes is another way that
people try both to control their nervousness and to feel in control.
Laughter may help someone feel that they can handle a new situation.
People do many things to feel in control; sometimes we make fun, and sometimes
we make fun of others.
Laughter is too often cruel, and jokes are usually offensive.
Being in control is important to people, and we do many things to feel in control.