Download Standard 4 Review PPT

Objectives
Inherited traits are traits
that you get genetically
from your parents or
"inherit". Examples include:
dimples, ear lobe shape,
right or left handedness,
etc.
Acquired traits are traits that you learn. These
do NOT come from your parents. Examples
include: scars, playing an instrument, playing
a sport, learning a new dance, cooking,
sewing, crafts, skateboarding, multiplication
tables, etc.
Sexual reproduction involves 2 parents. It is the
joining of an egg and a sperm. The final result is a
new organism that is a genetic combination of both
parents. Sexual reproduction introduces variety in
the species.
Females produce eggs. Males produce sperm.
Asexual reproduction involves 1 parent. Offspring
are produced identical to parent. They have the
exact same sequence of DNA. Think "clone" of
parent. The genetic material does NOT change from
parent to offspring.
Asexual reproduction include these examples:
bacteria, hydra, amoeba, planaria, fungi, yeast, sea
star being cut in half and each half regrowing into a
full sea star, plant cuttings from house plants, etc.
Sexual reproduction include these examples:
humans, rats, mosquitoes, insects, dairy cows,
salmon, sunflowers, dandelions, clams, dolphins,
earthworms, cats, dogs, pollen blowing from one
flower to another flower, pollen carried by one
insect from one flower to another flower, etc.
 Offspring of asexual reproduction will have exactly the
same characteristics as parent.
 Offspring of sexual reproduction will have same body
structure as parents, but will be a genetic combination
of both parents.
 Examples: Shape of earlobes, dimples, length of toes,
bone structure, etc.
advantage
Bird beaks, Structure of teeth, Body structure
Coloration of moths in industrial areas vs. non-
polluted area
Know that traits can be inherited or acquired
Birds in desert survive on soft parts of cactus. Birds
with large beaks can crack open and eat hard seeds.
Many animals near the North Pole are white.
Organisms with colorful appearances (in a dull
environment) warn their predators that they are
harmful or do not taste good.
Dolphins, fish, sharks have fins that help them move
in water.
 Giraffes have long necks to eat leaves
off taller trees.
 Whales have long bodies to move
through the water.
 Honeybees have stingers to protect
themselves.
 Warm fur in a tropical climate. Not
good!
 If plants or animals cannot adapt, they
may move to another location, the
population may change over time
genetically or eventually become
extinct.
What is mimicry? One organism imitating or
mimicking another. Can be looks, sounds,
actions, etc.
What is camouflage? When an organism blends
in to their environment.
 Mimicry in insects
 Plant hybridization to develop a
specific trait
 Breeding of dairy cows to produce
more milk
 Increased speed for prey animals
 Increased stealth in predators
 Viceroy butterfly resembles a monarch butterfly in color
to keep from being eaten.
 Corn snakes(“red next to black, friendly jack” resemble
coral snakes(“red next to yellow, deadly fellow”) in
color.
Hollow bird bones allow them to
fly in air
Hollow structure of hair insulates
animals from hot or cold
Dense root structure allows plants to grow in
compact soil
Fish fins aid fish in
moving in water
Hummingbirds have
long thin beaks to suck
nectar
Hawks have curved,
sharp beaks and talons for ripping flesh