Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Intro to Biology Characteristics of Life Intro to Biology UNIT I PART A –THEMES OF BIOLOGY, BASIC CHEMISTRY, WATER, & pH I. WHAT IS “LIFE”? (pg. 4-6) A. Complexity of Life Life Biology - the study of _____. • To study “life” is to study a subject that is awesomely complex. Our common goal is that you understand ______________ life because it is only when you understand learn . . . “If you memorize that you can truly _______ ____________, you forget _______; when you learn you remember _______, _____________! To accomplish this, there are two important keys: 1. Active Listening 2. Responsible Learning – A responsible learner takes care of business; that is, does what he/she needs to do to truly learn! B. Characteristics of Life (pgs. 6 – 10) life CELLS A cell is the smallest 1. Living things are made of _______. __________ unit of _____. Unicellular - single-celled organisms; ex. Bacteria, amoeba, paramecium * ______________ OR Multicellular - organisms made up of more than one cell; ex. Humans, * ________________ frogs, mushrooms, insects, plants REPRODUCE 2. Living things _______________. die out (important for the survival of the •If this did not occur, species would _________. species, but not necessarily important for the survival of the individual organism.) •Two types of reproduction: Sexual in which two cells from different parents unite to _________produce the embryo. (exchange of genetic material) Asexual _________ - in which the new organism has a single parent. (no exchange of genetic material) GROW ___________. DEVELOP 3. Living things ________& •Growth - all living things grow during at least part of their lives. physical changes that take place •Development – describes ___________ during the lifetime of an organism. 4. Living things obtain and use __________. ENERGY •Some organisms (autotrophs/producers) obtain energy directly from the _____ sun (ultimate source of energy) and use it to make their own food through a process called ___________________. photosynthesis Ex: _________, plants some bacteria & some protists. • Other organisms (heterotrophs/consumers) have to obtain their energy from the food they eat. Ex: animals, fungi. • All organisms use food energy for metabolism _______________ the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes. RESPOND 5. Living things _____________TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT. Organisms detect and respond to certain environmental cues external (light and stimuli which can be __________ or __________, internal (blood glucose level). temperature), or __________ 6. Living things maintain a CONSTANT _____________ internal environment. homeostasis or “internal harmony. This is called _______________ 7. As a group, living things __________, EVOLVE or change over time. 8. Living things contain a ____________ UNIVERSAL genetic code, which is deoxyribonucleic acid, or _____. DNA This genetic code determines the inherited traits of every organism on Earth. C. Hierarchies of Life 1. Biological Structure a. _________ ATOMS - smallest unit of matter that retains its elemental properties. MOLECULES - groups of atoms bonded together. b. ______________ c. _______________ ORGANELLES - the components of cells, such as ribosomes or mitochondria. d. CELLS _______ - Smallest unit of structure and function in all living things. e. ORGANISM ______________ - independent living thing. Depending on the complexity, the organism may be composed of: TISSUES - groups of cells working together 1. __________ TISSUES working together. ORGANS - groups of _________ 2. ____________ ORGANS working together. ORGANS SYSTEMS - groups of ___________ 3. _____________________ Levels of Structural Organization: 1. Chemical 2. Cells 3. Tissues 4. Organs 5. Organ Systems 6. Organisms 7. Population 2. Cellular Organization nucleus and membrane bound organelles) a. PROKARYOTIC __________________ (without a ___________ b. EUKARYOTIC ________________ (with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles). 3. Kingdoms – Living things are organized by their structural complexity and placed in one of six kingdoms. • Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae ANIMALIA ___________. 4. Biological Systems – There are levels of organization beyond the individual organism. For example: POPULATION - Group of organisms of one species in one area a. _______________ b. COMMUNITY _______________ - Different populations that live together in a specific area. components ECOSYSTEM - A community and its non-living c. ______________ _________________________. BIOSPHERE - Earth d. _____________