Download Charcteristic of Life Part 1

Intro to Biology
Characteristics of Life
Intro to Biology
UNIT I PART A –THEMES OF BIOLOGY, BASIC CHEMISTRY, WATER, & pH
I. WHAT IS “LIFE”? (pg. 4-6)
A. Complexity of Life
Life
Biology - the study of _____.
• To study “life” is to study a subject that is awesomely complex. Our common
goal is that you understand
______________ life because it is only when you understand
learn . . . “If you memorize
that you can truly _______
____________, you forget
_______; when you
learn you remember
_______,
_____________!
To accomplish this, there are two important keys:
1. Active Listening
2. Responsible Learning – A responsible learner takes care of business; that is,
does what he/she needs to do to truly learn!
B. Characteristics of Life (pgs. 6 – 10)
life
CELLS A cell is the smallest
1. Living things are made of _______.
__________ unit of _____.
Unicellular - single-celled organisms; ex. Bacteria, amoeba, paramecium
* ______________
OR
Multicellular - organisms made up of more than one cell; ex. Humans,
* ________________
frogs, mushrooms, insects, plants
REPRODUCE
2. Living things _______________.
die out (important for the survival of the
•If this did not occur, species would _________.
species, but not necessarily important for the survival of the individual organism.)
•Two types of reproduction:
Sexual in which two cells from different parents unite to
_________produce the embryo. (exchange of genetic material)
Asexual
_________ - in which the new organism has a single parent. (no exchange
of genetic material)
GROW ___________.
DEVELOP
3. Living things ________&
•Growth - all living things grow during at least part of their lives.
physical changes that take place
•Development – describes ___________
during the lifetime of an organism.
4. Living things obtain and use __________.
ENERGY
•Some organisms (autotrophs/producers) obtain energy
directly from the _____
sun (ultimate source of energy) and
use it to make their own food through a process called
___________________.
photosynthesis Ex: _________,
plants some bacteria &
some protists.
• Other organisms (heterotrophs/consumers) have to obtain
their energy from the food they eat. Ex: animals, fungi.
• All organisms use food energy for metabolism
_______________ the combination of chemical reactions through which
an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it
carries out its life processes.
RESPOND
5. Living things _____________TO
THEIR ENVIRONMENT.
Organisms detect and respond to certain environmental cues
external (light and
stimuli which can be __________
or __________,
internal (blood glucose level).
temperature), or __________
6. Living things maintain a CONSTANT
_____________ internal environment.
homeostasis or “internal harmony.
This is called _______________
7. As a group, living things __________,
EVOLVE or change over time.
8. Living things contain a ____________
UNIVERSAL genetic code, which is
deoxyribonucleic acid, or _____.
DNA This genetic code determines the
inherited traits of every organism on Earth.
C. Hierarchies of Life
1. Biological Structure
a. _________
ATOMS - smallest unit of matter that retains its elemental
properties.
MOLECULES - groups of atoms bonded together.
b. ______________
c. _______________
ORGANELLES - the components of cells, such as ribosomes
or mitochondria.
d. CELLS
_______ - Smallest unit of structure and function in all living things.
e. ORGANISM
______________ - independent living thing. Depending on the
complexity, the organism may be composed of:
TISSUES - groups of cells working together
1. __________
TISSUES working together.
ORGANS - groups of _________
2. ____________
ORGANS working together.
ORGANS SYSTEMS - groups of ___________
3. _____________________
Levels of Structural Organization:
1. Chemical
2. Cells
3. Tissues
4. Organs
5. Organ Systems
6. Organisms
7. Population
2. Cellular Organization
nucleus and membrane bound organelles)
a. PROKARYOTIC
__________________ (without a ___________
b. EUKARYOTIC
________________ (with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles).
3. Kingdoms – Living things are organized by their structural complexity and placed
in one of six kingdoms.
• Archaebacteria  Eubacteria  Protista Fungi Plantae ANIMALIA
___________.
4. Biological Systems – There are levels of organization beyond the individual
organism.
For example:
POPULATION - Group of organisms of one species in one area
a. _______________
b. COMMUNITY
_______________ - Different populations that live together in a
specific area.
components
ECOSYSTEM - A community and its non-living
c. ______________
_________________________.
BIOSPHERE - Earth
d. _____________