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Organic Chemistry Worksheets Highlight the single longest, continuous carbon-carbon chain.
Note the alkyl branches that are connected to the “root” chain.
Count the carbons in the root chain, starting from the end closest to the alkyl branches.
1. All alkanes have saturated bonds. Describe what is meant be this.
2. What is the formula for each of the following.
a. ethane
b. butane
c. heptane
d. decane
Name each of the following.
i)
ii)
CH3
CH2
CH
CH2
CH3
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH CH
CH3
CH3
CH3
iii)
iv)
CH3
CH3
CH CH CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
Write structural formulas for each of the following.
i) 3-ethylhexane
ii) 2,4-dimethylheptane
iii) 3,4-dimethyl-3-methylhexane
CH3
C CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH CH2
CH3
Organic Chemistry Worksheets Separating Mixtures of Organic Compounds
Crude oil is a mixture of many different compounds
Crude oil cannot be used until its components are separated
Physical Methods of Separation
Fractional distillation is a physical method
It separates a mixture on the basis of boiling points (a physical property)
Oil refineries use a tower to do this
Solvent extraction
is used to purify the residue of fractional distillation
The residue contains hydrocarbons with a high molar mass
Solvents are mixed with this residue to dissolve impurities
Separation is based on the physical property of ‘like dissolves like’
Organic Chemistry Worksheets Chemical Refining
The fractions can also be chemically refined to make them more useful
Two processes: Cracking and Reforming
Cracking
Reforming
Assignment
Page 582 Questions 1-8 (you may have to read Section 14.4 in your textbook)
Substitution Reactions
1. Fill in the following table
Organic
Reactant
Alkane
benzene
alcohol
Alkyl halide
Reagent that
Supplies
Substituting
Atom
Cl2 or Br2
Atom or
Group That
is Replaced
H
H
Product
Alkyl halide
Other Reagents or
Conditions
Needed
UV light
Organic Chemistry Worksheets 2. For the following substitution reactions write a balanced equation using condensed structures
for any organic reactant or product. Indicate any catalysts or special conditions required. If
more than one organic product can form draw structures and name both.
Ethane reacts with bromine in the presence of UV light
Propan-2-ol reacts with hydrogen chloride
1-bromobutane reacts with sodium hydroxide
Methylbenzene reacts with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst
Butan-1-ol reacts with hydrogen iodide
2-chlorobutane reacts with sodium hydroxide
Butane reacts with chlorine in the presence of UV light
Review Theory 1. The number of carbon compounds far exceeds the number of all other types of chemical compounds. This is largely due to the ability of carbon to form different types of bonds. Discuss these types of bonds and provide an example of each. Organic Chemistry Worksheets 2. The arrangement of atoms, within certain groups of molecules, that are believed to be responsible for the properties of these compounds are called ________________ ______________________ . 3. Separating complex mixtures into purified components is called ___________________________ . 4. Fractional distillation is the separation of petroleum products by __________________________ . 5. The number of carbon atoms in a compound has a large impact on its physical state at room temperature. The range for gases is __________ to ___________, for liquids is _________ to ________, for solids is __________ to ____________ 6. Crude oil has many hydrocarbons present, some of which are very large. To break down these large molecules to useable size is called ___________________. There are two types called ______________ and _________________________. 7. The opposite to cracking is called _____________________________________ . 8. For each group we have studied, draw the complete structural diagram and provide the general formula where indicated. The functional groups we have studied are as follows: 9. a) Alkanes: b) Alkenes: general formula; formula: general formula: c) Alkynes: general d) Aromatics: e) Halides: f) Alcohols: g) Carboxylic acids: Organic Chemistry Worksheets 10. Many organic halides are carcinogenic. From your readings, list two. ____________ and ___________. 11. Which of the alcohols is the most important in industrial applications? _____________________. 12. Where are carboxylic acids found in nature? __________________________________________. 13. List the groups of compounds that can undergo the following types of reactions. 14. Substitution: _____________________ and ______________________________
15. Addition: _____________________ and ______________________________
16. Combustion:
________________________________________________________
17. Elimination: _________________________________________________________ Draw the organic compounds for each of the following reactions and identify the type of reaction. 18. 1-­‐butene + hydrogen --> butane + water "acid
"
"# propene !
19. propane + bromine a) 2-­‐propanol !
"light
"
"# 2-­‐bromopropane + hydrogen bromide Organic Chemistry Worksheets 20. propyne + excess hydrogen --> propane a) 1-­‐butanol acid 1-­‐butene ""
"#
+ water !
21. benzene + chlorine
"light
"
"# chlorobenzene +hydrogen chloride !
22. 2-­‐pentene + hydrogen chloride --> 2-­‐chloropentane Name the following structures. 23. CH3-(CH2)3-CH3
________________________________________________
CH3 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2-CH -CH3
|
CH2
|
CH2
|
CH3
24.
___________________________________________________ CH3 -CH =C- CH2 -CH3
|
CH2
|
CH3
25.
__________________________________________________________ Organic Chemistry Worksheets CH =C-CH2-CH-CH3
|
CH
3
26.
___________________________________________________________ CH3-
27.
CH3-
____________________________________________________________ -CH2-CH3
CH3-
28.
_________________________________________________________ 29.
CH3-CH =CH- OH
____________________________________________________________ 30. CH3 -CH2-CHCl-CH3 ___________________________________________________________ F
H
C=C
31. H
F __________________________________________________________ OH
32.
__________________________________________________________ CH3 -CH2-C
33.
OH
O
__________________________________________________________ Br Br
| |
H-C
-H
| -C
|
Br Br ___________________________________________________________ 34.
CH3 -C
35.
OH
O
_____________________________ or ___________________________ Organic Chemistry Worksheets OH
|
CH3-CH-CH--CH2-CH3
|
OH
36.
________________________________________________________ CH3-CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2-CH3
|
37.
____________________________________________________ 38. Draw and name the 5, non-­‐cyclic, isomers of hexane