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Disinhibition)Theory)of)Muscle)Growth) ! ! ! ABSTRACT:) ! The!traditionally!accepted!model!for!muscle!growth!is!the!stimulation!theory.!Under! this!theory!the!principle!job!of!muscle!mass!is!to!maintain!its!current!size!and!that!it! must!be!stimulated!to!grow.!!Also,!it!is!lack!of!stimulation!that!causes!muscles!to! atrophy!or!shrink.! ! The!Disinhibition!theory!of!muscle!growth!suggests!the!opposite!–!that!growth!is!the! principle!job!of!muscle!mass!and!that!inhibitors!exist!within!the!body!to!keep!this! growth!in!check.!The!disinhibition!theory!also!suggest!that!there!are!environmental! inhibitors!that!can!prevent!proper!growth!of!muscle!mass.! ! INTRODUCTION:) ! There!is!accumulating!scientific!evidence!that!suggests!that!growth!is!something! that!our!bodies!seem!to!be!preBprogrammed!to!allow!for,!and!that!the!default!setting! for!anabolism!in!‘on’.!!Under!this!theory!growth!is!regulated!by!various!brakes,!both! intrinsic!(within!the!body)!or!extrinsic!(introduced!from!the!environment).! ! The!only!thing!we!can!do!environmentally!is!turn!this!growth!down,!it!doesn’t!seem! we!can!necessarily!turn!it!up!without!pharmacologically!altering!our!physiology! (Anabolic!steroids).!Examples!of!external!brakes!would!be!vitamin!or!mineral! deficiencies,!protein!or!calorie!deficiencies,!disease!states,!environmental!endocrine! disrupters,!chronic!stress,!chronic!inflammation!and!activity!deficiencies.! ! Put!differently,!the!signals!for!our!muscles!to!grow!are!already!turned!up!just!about! as!high!as!they!can!go.!What!keeps!muscle!growth!from!continuing!into!pathological! ranges!are!the!brakes!applied!to!it.!!Under!the!disinhibition!theory!of!muscle!growth! we!can!do!things!to!slow!down!this!growth,!but!it!does!not!seem!that!we!can!make! our!growth!happen!faster!or!at!a!greater!rate!that!is!already!programmed!to!happen.! The!best!we!can!do!is!indentified!and!remove!any!excess!or!additional!brakes.! ! NOTE:!A!fundamental!aspect!of!Disinhbition!theory!is!the!view!that!exercise! is!not!a!stimulus!per!se,!but!rather!an!exercise!deficiency!is!an!inhibitor!or! brake.!This!is!based!upon!the!concept!that!we!are!meant!to!move!and!to! stress!our!muscles.!That!our!default!ideal!is!not!sedentary.! ! This!is!the!disinhibition!theory!of!muscle!growth.!In!order!for!a!person!to!go!from!an! infant!that!only!weighs!a!few!pounds!to!a!fully!grown!adult!that!weighs!well!over! 100lbs!this!growth!signal!must!be!extremely!tightly!regulated.!We!grow!uniformly! (one!arms!doesn’t!grow!first,!followed!by!the!other).!We!also!grow!in!a!specific! predetermined!order.!During!the!first!couple!months!of!life!it!is!left!unchecked!B! turned!up!to!it’s!maximum,!but!shortly!after!it!begins!to!occur!at!slower!and!slower! rates!until!it!is!essentially!zero!at!adulthood.!!During!adulthood!multiple!redundant! signals!in!our!body!work!to!inhibit!further!growth.!! ! When!this!growth!is!not!correctly!inhibited!your!body!can!continue!to!grow!to! abnormal!proportions!that!end!up!leading!to!various!diseases!and!shortening!your! lifespan.!The!most!obvious!examples!of!unchecked!growth!are!tumors.!However! another!well!known!disease!that!is!an!excellent!example!of!overall!unchecked! growth!is!called!“Acromegaly”.!! ! ACROMEGALLY:) ! With!this!disorder!various!tissues!of!the!body!continue!to!grow!such!as!internal! organs,!the!skull,!hands,!feet,!nose,!lips,!ears!as!well!as!a!general!thickening!of!the! skin.! ! In!some!cases!the!entire!body!simply!continues!to!grow!larger!and!larger!until!it! cannot!support!it’s!own!size!and!the!person!suffers!a!premature!death.! ! Andre!“the!Giant”!was!a!professional!wrestler!and! actor!who!is!likely!the!most!famous!person!who!had! acromegaly!(you!may!remember!him!from!the! movie!“The!Princess!Bride”).!He!still!well!over!7!feet! tall!and!weighed!over!500lbs.!He!died!at!46!years!of! age!due!to!cardiovascular!complications!associated! with!his!condition.!This!is!an!example!of!how!big!a! human!body!can!get!if!growth!is!not!properly! inhibited.! ! As!you!can!see!from!this!picture,!Andre!is!massive!compared!to!a!normal!sized!man.! The!point!is!this!potential!for!growth!is!in!all!of!us,!and!if!left!unchecked!can!cause! us!to!literally!grow!to!death.! ! This!condition!is!due!to!an!abnormally!high!secretion!of!growth!hormone!that! should!not!be!happening!into!adulthood.!In!other!words,!the!GH!secretion!should! have!been!turned!down!but!it!wasn’t.!Even!though!the!cause!was!extreme!levels!of! Growth!Hormone!the!important!lesson!is!the!human!body!was!capable!of!continued! growth!in!due!to!the!increase!in!GH.!In!other!words!it!had!the!potential!to!continue! to!grow!to!absurd!levels.! ! This!is!one!example!of!disinhibited!growth,!but!it!illustrates!the!point!that!the!body! is!fully!capable!of!growing!to!abnormal!proportions!if!inhibitors!are!not!in!place.! ! MYOSTATIN:)) ! Myostatin!is!a!gene!that!tells!our!muscles!to!stop!growing!once!they’ve!reached!their! correct!or!‘normal’!size.!!It!is!one!of!the!central!inhibitors!of!muscle!growth.! ! Scientists!realized!myostatin!was!the!‘off’!switch!for!muscle!growth!when!they! discovered!animals!that!didn’t!have!this!gene!had!muscles!that!continued!to!grow,! even!once!pathological!complications!began!to!occur!as!a!result!of!the!muscle! growth.!As!seen!in!the!following!pictures!animals!missing!the!myostatin!disease!had! truly!remarkable!amounts!of!muscle!mass.! ! ! ! This!black!dog!is!a!whippet!just!like!the!smaller!dog,!but!the!black!dog!is!missing!the! myostatin!gene!that!tells!it’s!muscles!to!stop! growing!at!a!normal!size.!The!black!dog!is!double! the!size!of!the!normal!dog.!! ! You!may!think!that!this!dog!looks!like!it’s!on! steroids,!but!in!reality!it!has!reached!a!level!of! muscularity!that!is!probably!beyond!even!what!the! highest!amounts!of!steroids!could!possible!create.! The!bodies!natural!ability!to!grow!unabated!it!that! powerful.! ! This!is!an!example!of!how!much!larger!an!animal!can!become!when!it’s!normal! genetic!code!is!missing!the!signal!to!tell!it’s!muscles!to!stop!growing!at!the!normal!or! optimal!range.!! ! These!animals!are!likely!to!live!a!shorter!life!because!of!this!deficiency!as!their! system!is!not!designed!to!handle!this!much!muscle.!!And!this!is!an!extremely! important!point!–!Myostatin!and!other!brakes!within!the!body!exist!for!reason!–! Muscle!growth!beyond!the!optimal!preBdetermined!level!is!often!associated!with! negative!side!effects,!including!death.! ! Scientists!have!managed!to!purposefully! ‘knock!out’!or!remove!this!gene!in!mice! to!test!what!happens.!Have!a!look!at!the! results.! ! The!mouse!missing!the!myostatin!gene! is!double!the!size!of!a!regular!mouse.! ! The!interesting!thing!to!note!about! myostatin!is!that!all!of!the!extra!size!is! muscle!mass!!Of!course!bodybuilders!wanted!to!get!their!hands!on!any!drug!that! could!suppress!myostatin!but!no!such!drug!exists…yet!! ! Of!note!–!the!larger!mouse!lived!half!as!long!as!the!smaller!mouse.! ! This!last!picture!is!a!specific!breed!of!cow!called!“Belgium!Blue!Cattle”.!These!cows! are!also!myostatin!deficient!and!are!massively!over!muscles!compared!to!a!normal! cow.! ! !! ! As!you!can!see!from!the!previous!series!of!pictures!both!humans!and!animals!have! the!potential!to!grow!to!absurd!proportions!when!our!genetically!predetermined! growth!inhibitors!aren’t!working!properly.! ! These!are!examples!of!what!happens!when!growth!is!not!properly!inhibited.!So! what!happens!when!growth!is!inhibited!too!much?! ! CATCHCUP)GROWTH:) ! We!know!that!children!can!experience!abnormally!slow!growth!which!stops!them! from!reaching!full!maturity!if!there!are!too!many!grow!inhibitors!present.!One!very! well!known!inhibitor!to!normal!growth!is!a!lack!of!total!calories,!a!second!is!a!lack!of! adequate!protein.!! ! In!both!these!cases!a!child!that!is!underdeveloped!due!to!a!lack!of!protein!or!calories! ceases!to!grow!and!can!fall!well!below!his!or!her!peers!in!both!height!and!lean!body! mass.! ! The!amazing!thing!is!that!these!same!children!will!experience!‘catch!up’!growth! when!they!are!finally!given!enough!calories!and/or!protein.!In!some!cases!the!child! can!experience!4!times!the!normal!growth!rate!of!a!normal!growing!child.!In!other! word,!the!body!is!ready!to!grow,!it!just!needs!enough!calories!and!protein!to!fulfill! the!predetermine!growth.! ! The!interesting!thing!that!we!see!in!the!catchBup!growth!research!is!that!these! children!only!need!the!required!amount!of!protein!and!calorie!that!the!normal! growing!children!are!receiving.!They!don’t!need!‘extra’!protein,!or!‘extra’!calories! even!though!they!are!currently!under!developed.!This!means!that!just!getting!their! protein!and!calories!back!to!‘normal’!is!all!that!is!required!to!remove!this!growth! inhibition!and!get!them!back!on!track!to!full!growth.! ! This!catchBup!growth!can!happen!to!people!well!into!their!20’s!and!has!been! documented!in!people!as!old!as!29!years!of!age!! ! Another!interesting!fact!is!that!growth!inhibitors!aren’t!always!calories!or!proteins.! Children!in!abusive!environments!who!undergo!chronic!levels!of!emotional!stress! can!be!stunted!to!a!similar!degree!as!children!who!are!malnourished.!When!these! children!are!removed!from!the!abusive!environment!they!undergo!similar!rates!of! catch!up!growth!without!any!changes!in!protein!or!calorie!intake.! ! The!point!being!that!your!body!is!ready!and!capable!of!growing!and!will!grow!to!full! size!if!there!are!no!abnormal!inhibitors!in!place!such!as!a!lack!of!calories!or!protein.!! ! On!the!other!hand!if!the!correct!growth!inhibitors!are!not!in!place!our!bodies!can! grow!out!of!control!as!in!the!case!of!acromegaly.!! ! ! ! ! GENETIC)IDEAL:) ! All!of!this!information!points!to!the!idea!that!there!seems!to!be!a!sweet!spot!for! growth!inhibition!that!can!allow!for!growth!not!only!to!our!full!potential!but!to!our! optimal!genetic!ideal.!! ! In!the!second!half!of!this!months!topic!we’ll!discuss!this!ideal!as!being!the!ideal! Adonis!Index!for!men!and!the!ideal!Venus!Index!for!women.!! ! We!believe!that!with!the!correct!environment!(exercise,!nutrition,!other!lifestyle! factors)!you!can!set!the!stage!for!optimal!growth!and!reach!your!ideal!genetic! potential.! ! CONCLUSION:) ! This!is!part!one!of!a!two!part!series!on!the!disinhibiton!theory!of!muscle!growth.!In! part!two!we!will!discuss!the!inhibitors!to!muscle!growth!that!you!cannot!control,! and!most!importantly!the!inhibitors!that!you!can!control.! ! You’ll!learn!what!you!can!do!to!maximize!your!growth!potential!and!build!your!ideal! physique.!In!the!meantime!your!job!is!to!try!to!reframe!your!mind!from!a!‘stimulus’! thought!process!of!muscle!growth!to!a!‘disinhibition’!thought!process!of!muscle! growth.! ! This!mental!shift!alone!is!a!big!step!and!will!help!prepare!you!for!the!information! that!is!coming!in!part!two!and!how!to!take!action!on!the!steps!we!will!be!presenting! to!remove!your!inhibitors!and!get!to!your!true!muscle!growth!potential.!! ! ! ! ! Disinhibition!Theory!of!Muscle!Growth!Part!1!