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Unit 1 EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION (OLD, MIDDLE, AND NEW KINGDOMS) 2075-1075 BC Standard: SSWH 1b. Describe the relationship of religion and political authority in Ancient Egypt. SSWH 1e. Explain the development and importance of writing; include hieroglyphics. What am I learning today? What was the relationship between Egyptian religion and political authority? What is hieroglyphics and why was it important to the Egyptians? What will I do to show I learned it? I will… have taken notes in via Crash Course WH, complete this graphic organizer for a completion grade, and participate in a formative assessment in the form of a Hot Seat Review on Mesopotamia and Egypt for participation points. Use PAGES 35-41 of your textbook to complete this graphic organizer within your small cooperative group. Every student will complete THEIR OWN copy for a completion grade. How did geography and climate impact Egyptian civilization? Geographic Feature/Landform Impact(s) of Geographic Feature/Landform Nile River granite and limestone Climactic Condition hot sun / high temperatures desert aridity (dryness) Vast and forbidding deserts surrounding Impact of Climactic Condition Unit 1 P Political Structure E Economy - 3000 BC unification under King Narmer, first Egyptian dynasty centered at Memphis where Upper and lower Egypt meet. - Egyptian Civilization was united under one leader called a pharaoh = _______________________________ - pharaohs had absolute power and owned all land; however, they were expected to behave morally and were judged on good deeds. - theocracy - ______________________________________________________________________________ - pharaoh stood at center of religion, government, and army - traded agricultural surplus: wheat, barley (from Nile floods which provided silt) - mining of large mineral deposits of copper which used for bronze tools. Gold and copper were mined by slaves which greatly enriched the royal treasury. - had enough economic strength to support massive public works= _____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ R Religion polytheism - 2000+ gods/godesses—temples built to honor them - main gods = Re, sun god, and Osiris, god of dead, - main goddesses = Isis, mother goddess - with nature so much in their favor, Egyptians approached life with more confidence and optimism * temporarily monotheistic under pharaoh Akhenaton pharaoh, queen, and royal family S Social Hierarchy Wealthy landowners, army commanders, govt. officials, and priests artisans, merchants, scribes peasant farmers, laborers I Inventions A Art/Architecture - hieroglyphics – ____________________________________________________________________________ - originally pictographs, but eventually pictures represented words as well as sounds. - hieroglyphics written on papyrus - _____________________________________________________________ - calendar created to track time between floods and planning planting season. 365 days (only 6 hours off our clock!) - science - doctors set broken bones with splints, checked pulse for heart rate, and had some forms of surgery - math – created a number system to count, add, and subtract. They also were able to do basic geometry - pyramids - ________________________________________________________________________________ - Egyptian architects first to use columns in homes, temples, and palaces