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SENTENCE PATTERNS
THERE ARE SEVEN BASIC
SENTENCE PATTERNS.
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S-V
S-V-AC
S-V-SC
S-V-DO
S-V-IO-DO
S-V-DO-AC
S-V-DO-OC
S-V
• Subject-Verb
• Consists of a noun, pronoun, or other nominal as the
subject of the sentence and an intransitive verb or
verb phrase as the predicate
Examples:
The horses can swim.
I don’t feel well today.
S-V-AC
• Subject-Verb-Adverbial Complement
• Contains a linking verb and an adverbial
complement that modifies the verb
Examples:
• Bill is outside the house.
• The tacos are on the plate.
S-V-SC
• Subject-Verb-Subject Complement
• Contains a linking verb followed by a noun serving
as a subject complement
Examples:
Janet is the president of the club.
Mr. Manatee is my stepfather.
S-V-DO
• Subject-Verb-Direct Object
• Contains a transitive verb that takes a direct object
Examples:
Who painted your house?
Margaret tasted the tacos.
S-V-IO-DO
• Subject-Verb-Indirect Object-Direct Object
• Contains a transitive verb and takes an indirect and
direct object
Examples:
The realtor sold us a money pit.
Bob asked me a question.
S-V-DO-AC
• Subject-Verb-Direct Object-Adverbial Complement
• Contains a transitive verb and takes a direct object
and an adverbial complement
Example:
I put my wallet on the table.
Jackson drove me home.
S-V-DO-OC
• Subject-Verb-Direct Object-Object Complement
• Contains a transitive verb and takes a direct object
and object complement
Examples:
My friends call me Bif.
I colored the balloon red.
MORE SENTENCE TYPES
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Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamatory
DECLARATIVE
• Makes a statement of fact or possibility
• Represents most sentences
• Ends with period
Examples:
We traveled through India.
I did not order the duck à l’orange.
INTERROGATIVE
• Asks a question
• Ends with a question mark
Examples:
What happened at the dance?
Why didn’t you just tell the truth?
EXCLAMATORY
• Expresses a thought with strong emotion
• Ends with an exclamation mark
Examples:
What a beautiful day this has been!
I can’t wait to see you!
IMPERATIVE
• Makes a request or gives a command
• Can end with either a period or exclamation mark
Examples:
Bring me a glass of water, please.
Hurry up!
PARALLELISM
• Repetitive elements such as items in a series
should be in the same form
• Repetition of similar grammatical structures
• Creates a sense of rhythm and emphasis
Examples:
Triathlons include running, swimming, and biking.
Politicians rarely acknowledge the problem or
propose alternatives.
ANASTROPHE
• Inversion of the normal syntactic order of
words
• Emphasizes the displaced word or phrase
• Unexpected construction focuses reader’s
attention
• Can sound archaic or formal
Examples:
To the store went we to buy some bread.
A puppy do you want for your birthday?
ACTIVE VOICE
• Subject performs the action of the verb
• Stronger, more concise construction
• Use in most situations
Examples:
I ate the tacos.
The city controls rents.
PASSIVE VOICE
• Subject is acted upon
• Weaker construction
• Use when the action is more important than
the subject or when the subject is unknown.
Examples:
The tacos were eaten by me.
Rents are controlled by the city.
APORIA
• When a speaker expresses doubt (often
feigned) about his or her position or asks the
audience rhetorically how he or she should
proceed
• Engages the reader in the writer’s internal
struggle and dilemma
Examples:
I am at a loss for words.
How shall I begin?
EPISTROPHE
• Repetition of the same word or words at the end of successive
phrases, clauses, or sentences (opposite of anaphora)
• Places emphasis on the last word of the sentence, which
causes the reader to neglect less pertinent information that
may have preceded
Examples:
"...and that government of the people, by the people, for the
people shall not perish from the earth." Abraham Lincoln,
Gettysburg Address
“Where affections bear rule, there reason is subdued, honesty is
subdued, good will is subdued, and all things else that
withstand evil, for ever are subdued.” Thomas Wilson
ANAPHORA
• Repetition of the same word or group of words at the
beginning of several consecutive sentences or verses to
underline an image or a concept
• Places emphasis on the first word(s) of the sentence, which
causes the reader to neglect less pertinent information that
may follow
Examples:
Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition! –William Shakespeare
We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight
in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight
with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we
shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall
fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds,
we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the
hills. We shall never surrender.
–Winston Churchill
POLYSYNDETON
• Use of several conjunctions in close succession, especially
where some might be omitted
• Used to slow the rhythm of prose and can add an air of
solemnity to a passage
Examples:
He ran and jumped and laughed for joy.
"I said, 'Who killed him?' and he said 'I don't know who killed him,
but he's dead all right,' and it was dark and there was water
standing in the street and no lights or windows broke and
boats all up in the town and trees blown down and everything
all blown and I got a skiff and went out and found my boat
where I had her inside Mango Key and she was right only she
was full of water.“ Ernest Hemingway, After the Storm
ASYNDETON
• Deliberate omission of conjunctions in a series
• Has the effect of speeding up the rhythm of a passage
and making a single idea more memorable
Examples:
"...that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any
hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure
the survival and the success of liberty." John F. Kennedy
Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961.
"...and that government of the people, by the people, for
the people shall not perish from the earth." Abraham
Lincoln, Gettysburg Address
LANGUAGE ACTIVITY A3
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Due Thursday, 12/6
Type, double space, underline vocab words, and identify
sentence pattern.
Apply the grammar lesson by using each word from List 3 in a
different sentence pattern. You may use the vocab words in
any order, but please use the following sentence patterns in
order:
1. S-V 2. S-V-AC 3. S-V-SC 4. S-V-DO
5. S-V-IO-DO 6. S-V-DO-AC 7. S-V-DO-OC
8. declarative 9. interrogative 10. exclamatory
11. imperative 12. parallel structure 13. anastrophe
14. active voice 15. passive voice 16. aporia
17. epistrophe 18. anaphora 19. polysyndeton
20. asyndeton