Download PLANT PROPAGATION SEXUAL PROPAGATION ---

PLANT
PROPAGATION
SEXUAL PROPAGATION
ASEXUAL PROPAGATION
---- SEEDS
-
VEGETATIVE
.1
Sexual Propagation - Seeds
•
High quality seeds -
Reliable source
•
Select cultivars that provide size, color and growth habit
•
Chose cultivars suitable for your area
•
Purchase enough seeds for one years use
•
Storage -
Store in sealed container in refrigerator
I
-----Hiii---
Seed coat ----tJ'r
(protective tissue)
~~-
Endosperm (nutrient
Cotyledon
(embryo seed leaf)
~~--
Embryo (the new plant)
Major parts of a corn seed.
:,
First true leaves
Bean seed
. (1." .'.'
,
~~
Radicle
(embryonic
root)
i
'
,
i.·
"
tissue)
Seed germination of a dicot seedlinq.
GROWING PLANTS FROM SEED
SEEDLINGS STARTED INDOORS
•
Growing Media - Sterile, moist peat and perlite mix
Do not use garden soil
•
Container - 2-3inches deep, sterile and bottom drainage
Clean used containers and soak 1 part bleach
and 9.parts water.
•
Fill container with moist media within 3/4 inch of top.
Make sure there are no air pockets.
•
Sow seeds following per instructions on the seed packet.
If seeds can be covered use 1/8 -1/4 inch of vermiculite.
This will minimize damping off.
•
Water seeded container from the bottom
•
Cover seeded container with plastic and place in high light
location with out sun. Bottom heat will speed germination.
•
As soon as seeds germinate, uncover and place in south
window or under lights.
•
Keep moist and start liquid fertilizer feed. Spraying with
fungicide will reduce damping off.
•
Transplant to individual containers when plant have first true
leaves. Handle plants by the leav-es,not the stem. Keep
out of sun for a couple of days. Continue water and
fertilizer. Don't over do it, plants will get tall and leggy.
4-
Additional Information
•
Large seeds can be planted directly into small pots.
This eliminates the need to transplant. Foursix cell flat trays are suitable for this.
•
Some seeds need special pretreatment for germination.
Scarification - Altering the seed coat by scratching,
cracking or filing to allow entry of water and oxygen.
Some times soaking in 'water over night ,is adequate.
Morning Glory seed is an example of this technique.
Stratification - Subjecting the seed to moist/cold period.
Mix seed with moist peat in a sealed container and store
in refrigerator for 3-4 months.
Hardening Plants - Conditioning for planting outdoors
I
•
Two weeks prior to planting in the garden set the plants
outside on warm days - above 45.
•
Start with 1 - 2 hours the first day and increase to all
day gradually.
•
Plant in the garden on a cloudy day or late in the
afternoon.
•
Obviously, water well after planting.
'. Germination Information for Selected Plants
-------. -. -- .. ---,- ..-._---_ .._.-
Plant
Ageratum
Alyssum
Aster
Balsam
Begonia
Broccoli
Browallia
Cabbage
Cauliflower
Celosia
Centaurea
Coleus
Cosmos
Cucumber
Dahlia
Dianthus
Eggplant
Geranium
Impatiens
Larkspur
Lettuce
Marigold
Muskmelon
Nicotiana
Pansy (Viola)
Pepper
Petunia
Phlox
Portulaca
Snapdragon
Squash
.Tomato
Verbena
Vinca
Watermelon
Zinnia
Approximate
Time to Seed
B,efore Last Frost (weeks)
Time Seeds
Take to
Germinate (days)
Temperature (OF)
8
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
10 to 15
5 to 10
15 to 20
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
10 to 20
15 to 20
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
10 to 15
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
5 to 10
15 to 20
10 to 15
5 to 10
5 to 10
7.0
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
65
65
70
85
70
70
70
70
70
55
70
70
85
70
65
80
70
65
70
65
85
80
65
70
85
70
8
6
6
12 or more
8
12 or more
8
8
8
6
8
4 or less
4 or less
8
10
8
12 or more
10
12 or more
8
6
4 or less
8
12 or more
8
10
8
10
10
4 or less
6
10
12 or more
4 or less
6
-_
.. __ ..--.
Light/Dark
Requirement
Light
Either
Either
Either
Light
Either
Light
Either
Either
Either
Dark
Light
Either
Either
Either
Either
Either
Light
Light
Dark
Light
Either
Either
Light
. Dark
Either
Light
Dark
Dark
Light
Either
Either
Dark
Either
Either
Either
ASEXUAL PROPAGATION
There and several different techniques to reproduce plants by
asexual (vegetative) means. Some plants can be reproduced by
more than one method. However, there is usually one "best"
procedure for each plant. The choice will depend on the
number of plants you want to produce, facilities available and
the effort you are willing to expend.
HARDWOOD
(DECIDUOUS) CUTTINGS
HARDWOOD STEM CUTTINGS
SOFTWOOD STEM CUTTINGS
SEMIRIPE STEM CUTINGS
LAYERING
AIR LAYERING
DIVISION
'7
HARDWOOD CUTTINGS
Hardwood is defined as mature wood of current seasons growth. Cuttings are taken in the
fall or winter after all growth has stopped. There are two types of hardwood,
DECIDUOUS and EVERGREEN. The techniques used for rooting are substantially
different. The commonality is state of the wood and time of year cuttings are taken.
DECIDUOUS - Cuttings are taken in the fall or winter after all current seasonal
growth has matured and the plant has dropped its leaves. November through
February are suitable times of the year. Collect mature shoots of current years
growth. Use ends of branches or new canes grown from the base of the plant.
Make sure they are healthy and not weak or spindly. After collecting, cut the
shoots into pieces 6-8inches long with the bottom at an angle and the top straight
across. The bottom cut should be just below a bud and the top cut about V4 inch
above a bud. Dip the bottom 114-112 inch in rooting hormone and tie like kinds
into a bundle and label..
Store the cuttings until spring by preparing a narrow 16inch deep trench in the
garden or other suitable site. Pour in 6-8 inches of sand or Nature's Helper. Place
the bundles of cuttings, angle cut up and fill the trench with sand, NH, or garden
soil. Cover the cuttings so that tops are about one inch below the surface. During
this storage a callus will form on the bottom, a site where roots will grow.
In the spring, around mid to late April, remove the cuttings and plant is good or
amended garden soil with the top bud exposed. An alternative is to plant them in
pots using Nature's Helper as a growing medium and about one tablespoon of lime
mixed in. This will require more frequent watering and fertilizing than in the
garden. In the garden plant them about 15 inches apart and water in well. Grow in
full sun. Hardwood cuttings usually root in 3 months. Plants can be transplanted
to a permanent location within 1-2 years, depending on the size desired.
EVERGREEN - Most evergreen plants are propagated from stem cuttings taken
during the winter when the plants are dormant, thus the term "hardwood". This
includes azaleas, boxwood, rhododendron, holly and other broadleaf plants. Also,
conifers can be propagated in the same way.
The best candidates are mature shoots at the end of branches. Cuttings should be
5-6 inches long for most plants, shorter for dwarf varieties. Interestingly, cuttings
taken from conifers with upright shoots tend to produce upright plants and
cuttings from side shoots will develop into bushy, spreading plants.
8
From this point on these cutting are handled the same as softwood and semiripe
cuttings described below. Cuttings taken in December through February will
usually root in the spring and can be potted by mid-summer.
PREPARING FOR CUTTINGS:
ROOTING HORMONES
Most rooting hormones are based on Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), either dissolved in
alcohol or dispersed in powder. Dip'nGrow, 1% IBA +0.5% l-Napthaleneacetic acid for
better rooting of some plants, is dissolved in alcohol. Most Rootone purchased in garden
centers is composed of either IBA or l-Napthaleneacidinide dispersed on powder at 0.2%.
There are powder based systems as high as 0.8%. Some Rootone also contains 4%
thiram as a fungicide.
Dip'Grow recommendations are:
Hardwood cuttings -- 1 part Dip'n Grow to 5 parts water = about 2,000
PPM
Semiripe cuttings --- 1 part Dip' n Grow to 10 parts water= about 1000
PPM
Softwood cuttings -- 1 part Dip'n Grow to 20 parts water = about 500
PPM
Rootone recommendations:
The 0.2% product is ok for most softwood and semiripe cuttings.
Suggest that you use 0.5% to 0.8% for hardwood cuttings.
ROOTING MEDIUM
A mix of 50% peat and 50% perlite (by volume) is a good rooting medium for most
cuttings. Dampen (not wet) both materials prior to mixing to eliminate dusting. Make
sure that you achieve a uniform mix. Some use a mix of peat and sand, but the
peat/perlite holds moisture well and also drains well. You can add a slow release fertilizer
(Osmokote) at about 1 tsp per gallon of mix. Some claim this speeds up rooting by
providing nutrients.
Prepare your rooting medium in advance of taking the cuttings. Fill the container with
the dampened mix, make sure contains have no air pockets, water well and set aside to
drain for at least 30 minutes.
SOFTWOOD AND SEMIRIPE CUTTINGS
Now that you have the rooting hormone prepared and your rooting medium in containers
its time to take some cuttings. But first, collect some plastic bags (zip lock work fme)
and make some labels to put in with the cuttings. It's important to identify your plant
material. Do not assume that you will remember. Also, make sure that your pruning
shears are sharp and clean.
SOFTWOOD: NEW GROWTH IN SPRING AND EARLY SUMMER - stems will
bend and not break.
SEMIRIPE: NEW GROWTH IN LATE SUMMER AND EARL Y FALL - stems will
break on bending, but not snap off.
Take cuttings early in the day, preferably before 10:00 AM. Cuttings taken late in the day
have been exposed to the hot sun and are subject to loss of moisture. Store cuttings in the
plastic bags along with the labels. Cuttings should be from the tips of current seasons
growth and 5-7 inches long, all the same length. Also if you are propagating dwarf
varieties cuttings as short as 1.5-2.0 inches is satisfactory.
IMPORTANT: Keep cuttings out of the sun, they will wilt quickly.
PREPARING AND STICKING CUTTINGS
Out of the sun, strip off the leaves on the bottom half of the cutting, pinch out the soft
tender tip and wound the bottom 1 inch of the stem. Wounding exposes the cambium
layer and promotes rooting. This is very important for serniripe materials. If the cutting is
from a large leafed plant cut the leaves in half. This will reduce moisture loss and allow
more cuttings in a container. Next dip in the rooting hormone --- 3-5 seconds for liquid
and coat the bottom Y4 inch for powder. With powder hormone, tap the cutting to knock
off excess powder. .
With liquid hormone treated stem, just insert into the medium and firm around it. If you
are using a shallow container do not hit bottom. Make a small hole in the medium prior
to inserting the powder treated cutting, so as not to scrape off the hormone. Again, firm
the soil around the stem. Make sure you have each container labeled correctly. Now
water well, making sure you do not wash away the rooting medium. Watering from the
bottom is best.
If you keep the cuttings in bright light, but zero sun, and maintain high humidity most
cuttings will root in 4-8 weeks. However, with this high humidity fungus is your primary
problem. To minimize fungus spray the plant (leaves and stems) with Captan, Benlate or
Daconil prior to putting in the enclosure.
/0
You can check to see if roots are forming by very lightly pulling on the cutting. If you
feel resistance roots have started. Do not pull the cutting out and stick it back in, you will
have destroyed contact with the rooting medium. Also do not be in a hurry to pot it up,
wait entil the roots are sufficient to support growth. The use of heating cables or pad
under the container (controled at 70-80 degrees) will accelerat rooting.
THIS MAY ALL SOUND VERY COMPLICATED, BUT IT'S NOT
POTTING THE ROOTED CUTTING & AFTER CARE
Softwood and mid-summer semiripe rooted cuttings can be potted up as soon as they
have an adequate root system. Semiripe cutting taken during the August - September
time period should not be potted until after frost in the spring unless it is grown indoors.
In either case the cutting should be conditioned by reducing the humidity for increasing
periods of time for a week or so prior to potting.. Also increase the light, but light
shading for two to three weeks.
A very good growing medium is composted pine bark (Nature's Helper) with 1 tsp. of
slow release fertilizer (Osmocote 14 14 14 is good) for a 1quart container or 1 tbs. for a
gallon container and an equal quantity of lime. (l prefer to start with the quart size and
repot to gallons as the plant grows). Pine bark is porous enough to allow good drainage
and oxygen access. Pro Mix BX (expensive) is also a good medium. Both materials
require watering every day or two days at most. Growing in light filtered shade for the
first couple of months will reduce the water requirements and less stress on the plants.
Light pruning of the growing shoots from time to time will result in a better shaped plant.
Gerry Hardesty
January 21,2005
1/
Optimum Stage of Tissue (Wood) Maturity for Rooting Stem Cuttings of Selected
Woody Ornamentals (continued)
Deciduous Plants
Scientific Nome
Common Nome
Azalea (deciduous) ..........................................•....
Basswood, American linden
Birch ...............................................................•....
Bittersweet .......................................................•...
Blueberry ......................•.......................................
Broom
Callery pear ...........•.....•...............•.................•...•..
Catalpa
Cherry, flowering ....................•.......••..........•.........
Clematis ........•....................................•..•...........•..
Crabapple .............•.••............................•..............
Crape myrtle ••.....•.•..........•............•...•........•.........
Dawn redwood
Deutzia ..........................................•.........•.....•...
Dogwood ........•......•..........•..................................
Elderberry
Elm •........•.......................•....................................
Euonymus
Forsythia
Fringe tree
Ginkgo, Maidenhair tree ..................................•....
Goldenrain tree .........•..........................................
Hibiscus, Chinese
Honey locust ....................•................•..................
Honeysuckle
Hydrangea
Ivy, Boston
Larch..........
Lilac
Maple
Mock orange
Mulberry
;
Poplar, Aspen, Cottonwood
Poplar, yellow ..•....................................................
Quince, flowering
Redbud
,
Rose
,Rose of Sharon, Shrub-althea
Russian olive
Serviceberry
Smoke tree
Spirea
St. John's Wort
Sumac
Sweet gum
Trumpet creeper
Virginia creeper
,
Weigela
Willow
Wisteria
'SW
= softwood,
SH = semihardwood,
Type of Cuttinq=
Rhododendron spp ..............................................•..
SW
Tilia americana .:.......•..•..........•....•............•..•.•.•...••••.
SW
Betula spp ........•.............•....•.............•...................
SW
Celastrus spp ...............................................•.......•.
SW, SH, HW
Vacdnium spp
SW, HW
Cytisus spp
SW, HW
Pyrus calieryano •..•.••....•........•........•....••........•..........
SH
Catalpa spp
SW
Prunus spp .....•....................•...............................•.
SW, SH
Clematis spp •..................•....•........................•........
SW, SH
Malus spp .........................................•........•..........
SW, SH
Lagerstroemia indica ..••....•.••..••..•.•••...•••••.•••......•.....•. SH
Metasequoia glyptostroboides •..••.....••...••....•.....•.•..••. SW, HW
.. Deutzia spp ......•....................................................
SW, HW
Comus spp
SW, SH
Sambucus spp .......•...................................•...........
SW
Ulmus spp .....•..............................................
,
SW
Euanymus spp
HW
Forsythia spp
SW, SH, HW
Chionanthus spp
SW
Ginkgo bi/oba •..•..•..........................•.......•.....•.....•.....
SW
Koelreuteria spp .................................................•...
SW
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
SW, SH
Gleditsia triacanthos ......•..•..•..•.....••.......•..•..........•••.. HW
Lonicera spp
; SW, HW
Hydrangea spp
SW, HW
Parthenocissus tricuspidata ..........................•............
SW, HW
Larix spp
SW
Syringa spp
SW
Acer spp ...........•....................................................
SW, SH
Phi/adelphus spp
SW, HW
Morus spp
SW
Populus spp .......................................................•...
SW, HW
Liriodendron tulipifera .....•...................•...•.....•.•. ;
SH
Chaenomeles spp
SH
Cercis spp
SW
Rosa spp
SW, SH, HW
Hibiscus syriacus
SW, HW
Elaeagnus augustifolia
HW
Amelanchier spp
SW
Cotinus coggygria ..;
SW
Spiraea spp
SW
Hypericum spp
SW
Rhus spp
SW
liouidambor styraciflua
SW
Campsis spp
SW, SH, HW
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
SW, HW
Weigela spp
;
SW, HW
Salix spp
SW, SH, HW
Wisteria spp
SW
HW = hardwood
__ Optimum Stage of Tissue (Wood) Maturity for Rooting Stem Cuttings of Selected
Woody Ornamentals
Evergreen plants
Scientific Name
Common Name
Abelia
Arborvitae, American
Arborvitae, Oriental
Azalea (evergreen
& semi-evergreen)
Barberry, Japanense
Barberry, mentor .........................•........................
Barberry, wintergreen
Boxwood, common
, ...........•........................
Boxwood, littleleaf
Camellia ...•...........................................................
Ceanothus .................................•.......................•..
Cedar
Chamaecyparis, False cypress
Cotoneaster
.........................................•...............
Cryptomeria,
japanese
Daphne
Eleagnus, thorny •................................•................
English ivy ..........................•.................................
Euonymus
Fir ......•...............................................•.................
Gardenia, Cape jasmine ......•..................•..............
Heath
Heather ...•......•...............•............•........................
Hemlock
Holly, American
Holly, Chinese ...•....•••.•.•••.•........••..•..•••......••.•.••••••
Holly, English
Holly, Foster's
Holly, japanese ...................•..................•......•..•....
Holly,.yaupon
jasmine .•....•..•.••..................•..........•.....•..••..••...•.•.
juniper, Chinese
Juniper, creeping
juniper, Shore
Leyland cypress .................................................•..
Magnolia .•••.......................••.•....•..•........•.•
;•..•..•.•..
Mahonia
Oleander
Osmanthus,
holly
Photinia
Pine, Eastern white
Pine, mingo
Pittosporum
Podocarpus
Privet
Pyracantha, firethorn
Rhododendron
Spruce
Viburnum
Yew
'SW = softwood,
SH = semihardwood,
Type of Cutting
a
Abelia spp
SH, HW
Thuja occidentalis
SH, HW
Platydadus orientalis ............•........................••.........
SW
Rhododendron spp
SH
Berberis thunbergii ..................•.•...........•......•........•...
SH, HW
Berberis x mentorensis ............•...........•..•.....•.....•......
SH
Berberis julianae .•.....•..•.........................•.....•............
SH
Buxus sempervirens •..............................•......•..•.........
SH, HW
Buxus microphylla .••........•............................•............
SH, HW
Camellia spp
SH, HW
Ceanothus spp .........•.•......•...........................•.•......
SW, SH, HW
Cedrus spp ......•.............................
:
SH, HW
Chamaecyparis spp
SH, HW
Cotoneaster spp ....•................................................
SW, SH
Cryptomeria japonica ............................•..................
SW, SH, HW .
Daphne spp
,
SH
Elaeagnus pungens ................•..•...........•............. ,
SH
Hedera helix ...•......•...............••. ,...•........................... SH
Euonymus spp ......................•................................
SH
Abies spp
'" SW, HW
Gardenia jasminoides .....................••.......•................
SW, SH
Erica spp ....................................•..........................
SW, HW
Calluna vulgaris ..•.......•.......••..........•...•.••.....•..•.........
SH, HW
Tsuga spp
SW, SH, HW
lIex opaca ...•..•......•..•......................•.........................
SH
lIex comuta .•........•.•••............................••........•........
SH, HW·
lIex aquifolium ........................................•.......•.........
SH
lIex x attenuata 'Fosteri'
SH
lIex crenata " ...•.•.•...•...........................•.•.....•..•..••.....
S.H, HW
lIex vomitoria
SH
jasminum spp
SH
juniperus chinensis
SH, HW
juniperus hotizontalis.. ..................•........................... SH, HW
juniperus conferta .........................•.................•.........
SH, HW
x Cupressocyparis ley/andii .........•..............................
SH, HW
Magnolia spp
SW, SH
Mahonia spp
SH
Nerium oleander ......•.....................................•...•......
SH
Osmanthus heterophyllus
SIj, HW
Photinia spp
SH, HW
Pinus strobus ........•...................................................
HW
Pinus mugo
SH
Pittosparum spp
SH
Podocarpus spp
SH
Ligustrum spp
SW, SH, HW
Pyracantho spp
SH
Rhododendron spp
SH, HW
Picea spp
SW, HW
Viburnum spp
SW, HW
Taxus spp
SH, HW
HW = hardwood
.\lorch Carolina Cooperative Extension Service
/3
." THE EASIEST METHODS OF ASEXUAL PROPACATION FOR SOME COMMON WOODY ORNAMENTALS
ORNAMENTAL
TECHNIQUE
Azalea, all types (Rhododendron
spp.)
Simple layering
Broom tCytisus spp.)
Midsummer cuttings, all-purpose medium. 10.000 ppm IBA
rooting preparation
Buttertly bush tBuddlei« spp.)
Summer cuttings, all-purpose
Clematis (Clematis spp.)
Simple layering
Cotoneaster
(Cotoneaster
Cryptomeria,
spp.)
Summer cuttings, all-purpose
ing preparation
Japanese (Cryptomeria japonica)
Dawn redwood
(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)
medium
medium. 3.000 ppm IBA root-
late-summer cuttings, all-purpose medium, 10,000 ppm IBA
rooting preparation
Summer cuttings, all-purpose
ing preparation
medium, 10,000 ppm IBA root-
Forsythia (Forsythia spp.)
Hardwood
Heath (Erica spp.)
Early-summer cuttings, all-purpose medium, 1,000 ppm IBA
rooting preparation
Heather iCsllun« spp.l
Early-summer cuttings, all-purpose medium, 1,000 ppm IBA
rooting preparation
Honeysuckle
Simple layering
Hydrangea
(Lonicera spp.)
(Hydrangea
spp.)
cuttings taken in early spring
Late-spring cuttings: all-purpose medium, 1,000 ppm rooting
preparation; softwood cuttings: all-purpose medium, 3,000
ppm rooting preparation
Juniper Uuniperus spp.)
Winter cuttings, medium
ppm rooting preparation
Lilac, French hybrid
(Syringa vulgaris)
Simple layering of one-year-old
Magnolia
spp.)
Simple layering of basal shoots; rooting may take two years
(Magnolia
of'h peat moss and 'h perlite, 3,000
Mock orange (PhUadelphus spp.)
Division of suckers, hardwood
planted in spring
Privet (l.igustrurn
Hardwood
spp.)
spp.l'
Rhododendron
(Rhododendron
Rose-of-sharon
(Hibiscus syriacus)
shoots
cuttings taken in winter and
cuttings taken in winter and planted in spring
Simple layering; semihardwood cuttings, medium of 'h-peat
moss and 'h perlite, 10,000 ppm rooting preparation
Early-summer cuttings, all-purpose medium, 1,000 ppm rooting preparation
Rugosa Rose (Rosa rugosa)
Hardwood
Smoke tree (Corinus coggygria)
Softwood cuttings,
preparation
Spirea (Spiraea vanhoutteiJ
Hardwood
Trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans)
Simple layering; softwood cuttings: all-purpose medium,
1,000 ppm rooting preparation
Viburnum
Simple layering
(Viburnum
spp.)
cuttings taken in winter and planted in spring
Softwood cuttings,
preparation
Willow
Hardwood
Wisteria (Wisteria
spp.)
medium, 3,000 ppm rooting
cuttings taken in winter and planted in spring
Weigela (Weigela spp.)
(Salix spp.)
all-purpose
all-purpose
medium, 3,000 ppm rooting
cuttings taken in winter and planted in spring
Simple layering
if
,~ EASIEST METHODS OF. '.ASEXUAL
PROPAGATION FOR SOME COMMON
.
,
i
\
PERENNIALS . '. _ '.: . . .
PERENNIAL
TECHNIQUE
Allium (Allium spp.)
Aster (Aster spp.)
Bulb offsets, spring-flowering in summer, summer-flowering in spring
Division in fall
Avens (Geum spp.)
Division in spring or-fall
Baby's breath (Gypsophila spp.)
Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum)
Basket-of-Cold (Aurinia saxatile)
Beardtongue (Pentstemon spp.)
Bellflower (Campanula spp.)
Blanket flower (Gaillardia spp.)
Bleeding-heart tOicentrs spectabilis)
Division in spring or fall, single flowered varieties only
Terminal stem cuttings in summer
Division in spring
Division of clumps in fall
Division in spring
Root cuttings taken in fall
Division in early spring or fall
Boltonia iBohoni« spp.)
Catmint (Nepeta tnussinii)
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum spp.)
Coralbells (Heuchera spp.)
Coreopsis (Coreopsis spp.)
Crocus (Crocus spp.)
Cupidsdart (Catananche caerulea)
Daffodil (Narcissus spp.)
Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.)
Delphinium (Delphinium spp.)
Evening primrose (Oenothera spp.)
False Indigo (Baptisia spp.)
Gayfeather (Liatris spp.)
Geranium (Geranium spp.)
Globe thistle (Echinops spp.)
Division in spring or fall
Division in spring;soh\vood cuttings of non-flowering shoots
Softwood cuttings of lateral shoots after flowering
Division in spring or fall; leaf cuttings in fall
Division in spring or fall
Division of cormels from corms in fall
Division in fall
Division of offsetsof bulbs in fall
Division of clumps into fans in spring or fall
Spring cuttings, all-purpose medium
Division in spring or fall
Division in fall
Division of roots in spring .
Stem cuttings taken from spring to fall
Root cuttings taken in fall or division in spring
Golden marguerite (Anthemis tinctorial
Heliopsis (Heliopsis spp.)
Jacob's ladder(Polemonium spp.)
JapaneseAnemone (Anemone japonica)
Lavender (Lavandut'a spp.)
Leopard bane (Doronicum spp.)
Lily (Lilium spp.)
Lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis)
Monkshood (Aconitum spp.)
Division in spring
Division in fall
Stem cuttings in summer
Root cuttings in fall
Division of clumps in fall
Division in summer after plant is dormant
Scaling of bulbs in summer or planting of aerial stem bulbils
Division of pips in early fall
Division of tuberous roots in spring
Pasqueflower (Anemone pulsatillaJ.
Pampasgrass(Cortaderia selloana)
Peony (Paeonia spp.)
r
. Division in spring or fall
Division in spring or fall
Division of clumps in fall, each piece haying
3-5 eyes
Pink (Dianthus spp.)
Phlox (Phlox spp.)
Simple layering
Division of clumps in fall
Poppy Anemone (Anemone corona ria)
Rockcress(Arabis spp.)
Division of tuberous roots in fall
Division in spring or fall; Softwood cuttings taken after flowers fade
Sage (Salvia spp.)
Snowdrop (Galanthus spp.)
Snow-in-summer tCerasthun tomentosum)
Thrift (Armeria spp.l
Yarrow (Achillea spp.)
Late-springcuttings. all-purpose medium
Division of offsetsfrom bulbs
Division in fall or softwood cuttings taken in summer
Division in spring or fall
Division of clumps in (all
IS"
Select the appropriate technique whe~:~~lividingperennials'
.
. ~?I~:':'..
',- ....::
..'
- :
Timing and technique are important when dividing perennials, and while many perennials can b~ divided in either early spring
or early fall, some are very picky. Division time is denoted by (5) for early spring and (F)for early fall. For an extended list.
please visit our web site at www.finegardening.com.
....:~:;.~
. ." ...
:.·:-"~i;'~'
.. " .
'!'
i.'~
:. . '~: .•--;:.::~ . #!,,:.~:.. ;.>' '-:"~'-:,
..-';:,:,:'.~ ~:',
.•:
.,.....', ~.
.......- .- ~ ~ .•.•. -.
-, ;.,
';
.
DIVIDE THESE PLANTS BY HAND
Blanket flowers (Gaillardia spp.) S/F
Bleeding hearts (Dicentra spp.) S*
Bugleweed (Ajuga reptans) S/F
Columbines (Aquilegia spp.) S/F
Coral bells (Heuchera spp.) S/F
Cranesbills (Geranium spp.) S/F
Creeping Jenny (Lysimachia
nummularia) S/F
Deadnettle (Lamium maculatum) S/F
Epimediums (Epimedium spp.) S*/F
Foam flower (Tiare/la cordifolia) S/F
Forget-me-not (Myosotis sylvatiea) S*/F
Hellebores (Helleborus spp.) S*/F
Jacob's ladder (Polemonium
caeruleum) S/F
Lady's mantle (Alchemilla mollis) S/F
Lamb's ears (Stachys byzantina) S/F
Moss pink (Phlox subulata) F
Primroses (Primula spp.) S*
Pulmonarias (Pulmonaria spp.) S*/F
Pussytoes (Antennaria dioiea) S/F
Sea thrift (Armeria maritima) S/F
Speedwell (Veronica spicata) S/F
Spurge (Euphorbia myrsinites) S/F**
Stonecrop (Sedum spectabile) S/F
Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum) F
Violets, pansies (Viola spp.) S/F
Wormwood (Artemisia ludoviciana) S/F
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) S/F
DIVIDE THESE PLANTS
WITH A SPADE OR PITCHFORK
African lilies (Agapanthus cvs.) S/F
Anemone (Anemone X hybrida) S
Asters (Aster spp.) S
Bee balm (Monarda didyma) S/F
Bellflowers (Campanula spp.) S/F
Big bluestem grass (Andropogon
gerardii) S/F"
Black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia spp.) S/F
Blood grass (Imperata cylindrica) S/F
Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) S/F
Catmint (Nepeta X faassenii) S/F
Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) S/F
• Divide in spring after flowering
•
~"7
•
.
.:
.
,-"
,
"
.
Daisy (Leucanthemum X superbum) S/F . . Meadowsweets (Filipendula spp.) S/F
Daylilies (Hemerocal/is spp.) S/F.
.;.; :,~. '.Peonies (Paeonia cvs.) F':
..'"
Forest grass (Hakenochloa macra) S/F ~::'" Solomon's seil! (Polygonatum
.... ~
Fountain grass (Pennisetum
. odoratum) S/F .
alopecuroides) S/F .
Wild indigo (Saptisia australis) S*/F
Garden phlox (Phlox paniculata) S/F
.. - ,.-.:.: :-:~::
Gaura (Gaura lindheimeri) S/F
. CUT UP RHIZOMES AND TUBERS
.......•.
Goldenrods (Solidago spp.) S/F
.. '. WITH A KNIFE
Gunnera (Gunnera manicata) S/F .
Arum (Arum italicum) F
Hostas (Hosta spp.) S/F
Bergenia (Sergenia cordifolia) S/F
Japanese painted fern (Athyrium
~. ~':-'Caladiums(Caladium spp.) S
niponicum 'Pictum') S/F
. ._ Calla lily (Zantedeschla aethiopica) S
Jerusalem sage (Phlomis ;usseliana) S/F , .. Cannas (Canna spp.) 5
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
-.'. . . '.Corydalis (Corydalis lutea) S/F
Ligularia (Ligularia dentata) S/F
- : . Dahlias (Dahlia cvs.) S
Masterwort (Astrantla major) S/F
Elephant ears (A/ocasia spp.) 5
Monkshood (Aconitum napel/us) S
'Irises (Iris spp.) F .
Penstemons (Penstemon spp.) S/F
Lady fern (Athyriun1 fllix-femiria) S/F
(
Perennial sage (Salvia X superba) S*/F
Lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis) S/F
Pinks (Dianthus plumarius) S/F
'. .'.Rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) S
Poppies (Papaver spp.) F
.Rodgersia (Rodgersia pinnata) S/F
Red hot pokers (Knifophia spp.) S/F',
Spurge (Euphorbia griffithm S/FSedge (Carex morrowii) S/F
Wild ginger (Asarum europaeum) S
Siberian iris (Iris sibirica) F
"
Sliver grasses (Miscanthus spp.) S/F
THESE PERENNIALS
Snakeroot (Cimicifuga racemosa) S/F
.. 'ARE BEST NOT DIVIDED
Switch grass (Panicum virgatum) S/F
Alyssums (Alyssum spp.)
Tickseed (Coreopsis verticillata) S/F
. Candytuft (Iberis sempervirens)
Turtlehead (Che/one glabra) S/FCarnation
(Dianthus caryophyl/us)
Yarrow (Achillea fllipendulina) S/F
Delphinium (Delphinium X elatum)
Euphorbia (Euphorbia characias
.., ssp. wu/fenii)
,~
SLICE APART WOODY CROWNS
Foxgloves (Digitalis spp.)
WITH A HANDSAW
Amsonias (Amsonia spp.) S/F
Garden sage (Salvia officinaJis)
. Geraniums (Pelargonium spp.)
Astilbes (Astilbe spp.) S/F
Lavender cotton (Santolina
Bear's breeches (Acanthus
!
spinosus) S/F
Doll's eyes (Actaea pachypoda) S
Foxtail lilies (Eremurus spp.) F
Gayfeather (Uatris spicata) S/F
Goatsbeard (Aruncus dioicus) S/F
Joe Pye weed (Eupatorium.
macuJatum) S/F
Lilyturf (Liriope spicata) S/F
Male fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) S/F
-Wear protective gloves when dividing, as sap may irritate skin
.:.~.
chamaecy-parissus)
,. Lavenders (Lavandula spp.)
. Rose campion (Lychnis coronaria)
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
.. Russian sage (Perovskia atriplicifolia)
Sea hollies (Eryngium spp.)
Silvermound (Artemisia schmidtiana)
Sweet pea (Lathyrus latifolius)
, Trillium (Trillium grandlflorum)
/6
I
· .,'
Simple layering. Bend a flexible, low-growing
ground; stake into place; cover with soil.
stem to the
Tip layering. The tip of the shoot grows downward first then
bends and grows toward the soil surface.
.
.
Air iayering of a rubber plant (dicot). Remove a l-inch scrip of bark completely around the stem, dust
rooting hormone on the cut surface, cover with moist sphagnum moss, and enclose in plastic or aluminum foii.
/8