Download 2 nd Semester Final Review

What do you remember from 2nd Semester of 7th Grade Earth Science?
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•Periods 3 & 4 Tuesday
•Periods 5 & 6 Wendesday
30 May 2013
What do you remember from
2nd Semester of 7th Grade
Earth Science
E.8.A.1 Students know seasons are caused by variations in the amounts of the Sun’s energy reaching Earth’s
surface due to the planet’s axial tilt. E/S
E.8.A.2 Students know how the processes involved in the water cycle affect climatic patterns. E/S
E.8.A.3 Students know the properties that make water an essential component of the earth system. E/S
E.8.A.4 Students understand the composition of Earth’s atmosphere, emphasizing the role of the atmosphere
in Earth’s weather and climate. I/S
E.8.A.5 Students know the difference between local weather and regional climate. I/S
E.8.B.1 Students know the universe contains many billions of galaxies, and each galaxy contains many billions
of stars. W/L
E.8.B.2 Students know the solar system includes a great variety of planetary moons, asteroids, and comets. I/S
E.8.B.3 Students know characteristics of the planets in our solar system. I/S
E.8.B.4 Students know Earth is part of a solar system located within the Milky Way Galaxy. E/S
E.8.B.5 Students know the Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star, and billions of
times closer than the far end of the Milky Way Galaxy. W/L
E.8.B.6 Students know the Sun is a medium-sized star located in the Milky Way Galaxy, part of which can be
seen as a glowing band of light spanning the clear night sky. W/S
E.8.B.7 Students know regular and predictable motions of Earth around the Sun and the Moon around the
Earth explain such phenomena as the day, the year, phases of the Moon, and eclipses. E/S
GEOLOGIC TIME and the FOSSIL RECORD
Geological time scale the record of
__________________is
life forms and geological events in
earths past.
2. The Paleozoic, Mesozoic and
Cenozoic are divisions in the
era
Geological Time Scale called______.
3. The geological time we live in is the
Cenozoic
____________Era.
4. The Nevada state fossil the
Ichthyosaurs
_______________tells
us that
Nevada was once covered by ocean
water.
1.
According to the Law of
_________________the
Superposition
layers of sediment are laid
down horizontally and
the layer of Rock on the
bottom
__________is
the oldest
layer and the layer on
______
top is the youngest
layer.
6. According to the diagram
of rock layers to the right
___________are
Trilobites
found in
the oldest layer of rock
and mammals are found
in the ___________
youngest layer.
5.
unconformity
An ____________________is
a gap in time between rock
layers usually created by a weathering and erosion that
happened after the layer underneath and before the one
above was formed.
8. In the diagram below the layers marked by letters
L,M,N,O, & Q
_________________have
been tilted by faulting and the
intrusion of igneous rock through those layers is marked by
P
letter ______.
7.
Weathering
9. _____________
is the breaking
down of rock into smaller pieces.
Erosion
10. ___________
is the
transportation and movement of
sediments.
Alluvial
11. __________
fans are a common
Soil
landform in Nevada as they are a
primary result of flash flooding,
or water erosion in the
mountains.
weathered rock
12. Soil is composed of _______________,
organic
material, air, and water.
organic
13. Humus is the decaying ___________material
in the
soil.
Soil
14. The particle size of the soil will
permeability
determine the _______________
of the
soil and how fast water
infiltrate
_______________the
particles.
15. Texture is determined by the
particle size
_______________.
sand
16. You would typically find ________,
silt, and _________,
sized particles in
clay
well developed soil.
Virtual soil permeability
Soil
Orovada
17. Our State Soil is ________
soil
which is a light brownish gray
sandy loam soil that covers more
than 360,000 acres of mostly
Northern Nevada.
support
18. Desert’s soils ________________
less plant life because it has less
water.
A
19. Horizon _____top soil
C
20.Horizon _____weathered
rock particles
B
21. Horizon _____sub soil
O
22.Horizon_____organic layer
Soil Particle Size
Name
blocks
boulder
cobbles
pebbles
sand
silt
clay
Particle Size Definition
Angular particles greater than 256 mm in size.
Rounded particles greater than 256 mm in size.
Rounded particles between 64 and 256 mm in size.
Rounded particles between 2 and 64 mm in size.
Particles between .0625 and 2 mm in size.
Particles between 2µm and .0625 mm in size.
Particles less than 2µm in size.
Permeability & Porosity
23. Which particle size has
the fastest permeability?
sand
____________
24. Which particle size had
the highest porosity?
sand
_________
25. Which particle size has
the largest holding
clay
capacity? __________
26. Which particle size has
the slowest permeability?
clay
_______
Hydrology (Water)
97% of it is salt
27. ¾ of the earth is covered by water ________
water, 3% of it is fresh water, however
less than 1%
________________
is available for human consumption.
consistent
28. The amount of water on earth is fairly _____________.
29. A molecule of water is made up of 2 atoms of
hydrogen
oxygen
_____________
and 1 atom of __________
and is the
only substances that exist naturally in all 3 states of
matter.
Groundwater
30. ________________________is
the water that fills cracks
and spaces in the soil and permeable rock layers.
Hydrology (Water)
31. Tell the phase change for each of the following
gas
Evaporation
liquid to ___
energy is gained
____________
condensation
Freezing
Sublimation
Melting
gas to liquid
liquid to solid
gas
solid to ____
solid to liquid
energy is lost
lost
energy is ______
energy is gained
gained
energy is _______
32. Put the following letter in the
correct box on the diagram of
the water cycle.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Condensation (formation of
clouds as water vapor changes to
a liquid & sometimes ice
crystals in the atmosphere)
Precipitation (rain, snow, sleet,
hail)
Runoff (water running across
the ground)
Infiltration (water soaking into
soil & rock layers)
Evaporation (water changing to
water vapor in the atmosphere)
Transpiration (water with in
plants changing to water vapor
in the atmosphere)
Groundwater (water stored in
the ground)
33. Water freezes at _______degrees
0
Celsius
100
and boils at a ______degrees
Celsius.
polar
34. Water is a ___________
molecule is the
attraction of the charged molecules
allowing the molecule to stick together.
35. The property of water that allows insects to
surface
walk on water is __________
tension.
Capillary
36. _____________action
is the property of water that
allows water to climb up a paper towel.
37. Water takes a long time to heat up and cool down
specific
because water has a high ____________
heat.
38. Water is considered to be a __________solvent
universal
because several substances are able to be
dissolved in water to form a solution.
39. Lake Mead belongs to
the_______________
Colorado
Watershed which is
system of water ways
draining to the Colorado
River and drained into an
delta at the end of the
river.
However, most of Nevada
belongs to the _____________
Great Basin
watershed which is a closed
watershed meaning it does not
drain into the ocean.
Atmosphere
40. Name the four main layers of the
atmosphere in order from the earth’s
surface and if the temperature increases or
decreases as you travel up in that layer
_____________ temperature decrease
Troposphere
increase
Stratosphere
temperature_____________
Mesosphere
______________
temperature decrease
increase
Thermosphere temperature ____________
41. The Atmosphere is a mixture of gases
surrounding the earth madup up of
nitrogen
oxygen
78%_______________and
21% _________.
Troposphere is the layer in
42. The _______________
which weather occurs in and we live in.
ozone
43. The _______layer
is a sub layer located in
the stratosphere that protects us from
ultraviolet light. Its molecule is made up
of 3 atoms of __________.
oxygen
Sun is the mains source of energy
44. The ____
that heats the earth’s atmosphere driving
the water cycle and forming weather.
45. There are 3ways that heat can be
46. As solar rays travel through
the earth’s atmosphere
some are
________________
other
scattered
are reflected back up into
space and about half are
absorbed
________________
by the
earth’s surface.
transfer. The 3 ways are
radiation
________________the
transfer of
heat though electromagnetic
conduction
waves, ___________________
the
transfer of heat through direct
convection
contact, and ___________________
the transfer of heat through the
movement of a fluid.
47. Earth’s tropical regions are __________________
than the
warmer
polar region because it receives more direct solar rays
from the__________
and therefore more of the energy.
Sun
48. Water vapor (H2O) plays a major role in the
Greenhouse
_____________effect,
which is the process by which gases
holds heat in the atmosphere. Some of the other gases are
carbon
dioxide
ozone (O3),
_______________
(CO2), Methane (CH4), ________
& Nitrous Oxide (N2O).
Weather & Climate
Climate
49. ____________
is the average of weather over a long period of
time.
50. The five factors that affect climate are _____________,
topography
latitude _____________,
_________,
major _____________,
and large
altitude
winds
bodies of ________.
water
rain shadow
51. A _______________is
an
area of dry land (low
precipitation) that lies on
the leeward (downwind)
side of a mountain.
52. Earth’s _______________
are a result of the Coriolis
global winds
effect from the rotation of the earth and the uneven
heating of the atmosphere.
53. Weather patterns generally travel from ______to
east
west
_______the
United States.
across
barometer
54. A _____________
is used
to measure air pressure,
which is the amount of
air
________
in the
atmosphere pushing
down on the earth’s
surface.
Maritime Tropical
55. _________________
(mT) is a warm humid air mass that
Maritime Polar
formed over the ocean, ________________
(mP) is a cool
humid air mass that formed over the ocean.
Continental Tropical
____________________
(cT) is warm dry air mass formed
over land. _______________
(cP) is a cool dry air mass
Continental Polar
formed over the land.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
Lightning forms in cumulonimbus
_____________ clouds as positive and negative
charges connect.
Here in Las Vegas are weather is mostly created by a high pressure
cirrus
system with ________
clouds.
A ____________is
a boundary between 2 air masses.
front
Draw the warm front symbol. ___________________________
Draw the cold front symbol. _____________________________
61. A phsychrometer is used to
relative humidity
measure _____________________.
62. What is the Dry bulb reading?
______
20oC
63. What
is the Web bulb reading?
o
15 C
______
64. What is the difference between wet & dry bulb readings? ______
5oC
65. Using the table to the right what is the relative humidity?
_____________
58oC
66. If the relative humidity was 57oC and the wet bulb 8oC what
12oC
would the dry bulb temperature be? _______
45
67. Temperature________
045
68. Barometric Pressure_______
29
69. Dew point_________
rain
70. Current weather_________
southeast
71. Wind directions_________
15 knots
72. Wind Speed _________
100% overcast
73. Cloud cover _________
Astronomy
74. The Theory of the ____________
says that all the matter in
Big Bang
the universe came together and started as one large
explosion starting the formation of the universe and will
continue to expand forever.
75. The ________________________
is all the types of
electromagnetic spectrum
radio
electromagnet waves, ________
waves are the long waves and
____________waves
are the shortest waves in the spectrum.
gamma
Sun
76. The earth revolves around the ________.
solar system
77. Our ______________
is located on one of the outer arms of
78.
79.
80.
81.
Milky Way
the spiral galaxy called the____________,
which is comprised
of billions of stars.
The 8 main planets in order starting from the sun are
Mercury, Venus, Earth,Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune
_________________________________________________.
elliptical
Pluto’s orbit is so _______________
that it crosses Neptune’s
orbit every 248 years.
heliocentric
Our solar system is referred to as _____________
meaning
the earth revolves around the sun.
Gravitational
________________forces
keep the planets orbiting the Sun.
82. Label & Shade the
phases of the moon
1. New moon
2. Waxing Crescent
3. 1st quarter moon
4. Waxing Gibbous
5. Full Moon
6. Waning Gibbous
7. 3rd Quarter Moon
8. Waning Crescent
solar
solar eclipse to occur the moon must be
83. For a total _______
directly between the sun and the earth and you must
umbra
be in the moon’s shadow called the ___________.
lunar eclipse to occur the moon must be in
84. For a _______
full moon position.
Corona
corona
chromosphere
86. The Sun’s _______________and
_________________are
87.
88.
89.
90.
visible during a total solar eclipse.
sunspots
The dark spots on the Sun are called _________________.
The arcs of energy that form on the Sun’s surface are called
____________________.
prominence
flare
The bust of energy from the sun is called a solar ___________.
nuclear fusion
The sun’s energy is produced by __________________.
prominence
85. Label the Sun
A. Corona
B. Chromosphere
C. photosphere
D. Sunspot
E. Prominence
F. core
light year
91. A _____________
is the distance light travels in a year.
temperature _____,
size and
92. Stars are classified by _____________,
brightness
___________.
93. The life cycle of a low mass star is nebula collapse to form a Protostar, then
becomes stable _______________
main sequence star, when it starts to die it grows and
changes into a ______________,
as it continues to die it changes to a
Red Giant
___________________
.
White Dwarf
94. The life cycle of a large mass star is similar to a low mass except for when it
starts to die it grow and changes into a super red giant, then forms an
supernova
Neutron star
explosion called a _____________,
and then becomes a ________________
or a __________________.
Black Hole
Nature of Science
95. You should always wear _____________
to protect your eyes
goggles
when conducting an experiment in the lab.
96. The most important rule to follow in a lab is the teacher’s
_____________.
instructions
closed-toe
97. You should wear _____________shoes
to protect your feet.
98. When collecting evidence about an experiment it is important
observations by using one or more of your sense.
to make _____________
99. When conducting an experiment you should organize the
evidence of the information about the experiment into a
graphs
tables
charts
_____________,
_____________,
or _____________by
classifying the information.
100. The facts or the _____________in
an experiment help you to
evidence
make _____________about
your hypothesis in order to draw a
inferences
conclusion.
101. The _____________
variable is the variable you purposely
independent
dependent
manipulate (change). The _____________variable
is the
variable that is being observed, which changes in response
to the independent variable. The variables that are not
changed are called _____________variables
control
102. Theories might change over
time because scientists
discover new _____________.
evidence
103. For an experiment to be
considered valid it must be
reproducible with
able to be ___________
similar results.
104.Fill out the prefixes for the metric conversations
chart.
Kilo
Hecto
deka
deci
centi
milli
mass
105. The formula for density is _________
divided by volume.
106. The density of gold is 19.32g/ml if I had a 7 ml gold
135.24 g
nugget what would its mass be? ____________
107. What are the readings on the graduated cylinders below?
Make sure the put the correct units with them.
4 ml
16 ml
82 ml
48 ml
108. What are the readings on the triple beam balances
below? Make sure the put the correct units with
them.
452.75 g
106.85 g