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Name: __________ Period_____ 1. Go to www.explorelearning.com 2. Click near the top of the page. 3. Enter Class Code: 8CDSUB7B3G 4. Select I need to create an ExploreLearning account, Register Now to Enroll 5. Enter your information in the following screen: >Your username should be in this format: Firstname.Last Initial_JCI So John Smith,would be John.S_JCI >Use your student number as your password 6. Click Launch Gizmo under the “Element Builder” Gizmo. Welcome to the Element Builder Gizmo! Instructions Before starting, be sure to checkmark each of the boxes on the side as shown (including “Show Element Name”, “Show Element Symbol” and “Element Notation”, as well as “Show Group and Period”.) You can use the and arrows to add and remove protons, neutrons and electrons from the atom that you may be building. When finished building hit the start fresh. to see the atom in action. You can use the to reset and Exercises 1. Build an atom that has 1 Proton and 1 Electron. What is the name of the atom that you have built? ________________________ 2. Continue adding electrons to the atom above until you have used up all the electrons. How many electrons are in each of the first, second and third orbit (you may want to use to make it easier to count). 1st orbit? _________ 2nd orbit? ________ 3rd orbit?_________ 3. Build an atom that has 3 protons, 4 neutrons and 3 electrons. What is the name of the atom you have built? _______________ What is the Standard Atomic Notation for the atom you built? ______________ Add one more proton, what happens to the atom? ________________________________ 4. Complete the following: The number of protons in an atom determines the ______________ (identity, mass, charge) of the atom. The number of protons in an atom is always the same as the ______________ (atomic, mass, charge) number of the atom. 5. An atom has 13 protons, a mass number of 27, and 13 electrons. Build the atom using the Element Builder. The atom I built has ______ protons, _______ neutrons and ________ electrons, and has the following Standard Atomic Notation ______. How many electrons are in each of the orbits? _____ in the 1st orbit _____ in the 2nd orbit _____ in the 3rd orbit. Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram of the atom you built showing protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the electrons in each energy level: 6. An atom has a mass number of 31, an atomic number of 15, and has 15 electrons. Build the atom using the Element Builder. The atom I built has ______ protons, _______ neutrons and ________ electrons, and has the following Standard Atomic Notation ______. Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram of the atom you built showing protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the electrons in each energy level: 7. Build an atom with 9 protons, 10 neutrons and 9 electrons. What is the name of the atom? _________ Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram of the atom you built showing protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the electrons in each energy level: How many electrons are in the outer shell (also known as the valence shell)? _____ How many more electrons are needed for the outer shell to be complete? ______ 8. Add the necessary electrons for the outer shell to be complete. What is the standard atomic notation of the atom formed now? _____ The -1 charge on the atom indicates that the atom ________ (gained, lost) 1 electron. Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram of the charged atom you built showing protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the electrons in each energy level: Charged Atoms become Ions. We have noted before that the outer shell of an atom has a special name, the valence shell. We also now that each orbital has a maximum number of electrons that it can accommodate. Most atoms prefer to have an outer shell/valence shell that is either full with the maximum number of electrons, or otherwise completely empty. To achieve this atoms give electrons away or take electrons from other atoms. Ions are atoms that have become charged by gaining or losing one or more electrons in order to achieve a full/stable valence shell. 9. The Sulphur atom has 16 of each of protons, neutrons and electrons. How many electrons are in the valence shell of sulphur? _____ How many more electrons does sulphur need to have a full valence shell? ______ Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagrams of 1) the stable sulfur atom and 2) the sulfur ion, showing protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the electrons in each energy level: The Sulfur Atom: The Sulfur Ion: 10) An atom of Magnesium has 12 of each of protons,neutrons and electrons. How many electrons are in the valence shell of Magnesium? _____ Would it be easier for Magnesium to gain or loose electrons in order to achieve a stable valance shell? Magnesium would need to _____ (gain, lose) a total of ____ electrons in order to achieve a stable valence shell and this would form a Magnesium ion with a _____ charge. Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagrams of 1) the stable magensium atom and 2) the magnesium ion, showing protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the electrons in each energy level: The Magnesium Atom: The Magnesium Ion: Can you think of another atom that we have examined so far that could take on the 2 electrons that Magnesium is giving up? ______________________________________________________________________________ 11) Build an atom with 8 protons, and neutrons as well as 8 electrons. Which atom is it? _____ How many electrons are in the valence shell? _____ For this atom to become an ion it would ________(gain, lose) another _____ electrons. Can you name another atom we have examined that behaved in a similar way? _______ Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram of the Ion of this Atom showing protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the electrons in each energy level: Test Your Knowledge and Understanding 1. The atomic number of lithium is 3. How many neutrons does an atom of lithium have if it is represented by the symbol shown below? 7Li A. 2 neutrons B. 13 neutrons C. 4 neutrons D. 7 neutrons 2. The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many electrons does an atom of carbon have if it is represented by the symbol shown below? 12C1− A. 5 electrons B. 6 electrons C. 7 electrons D. 11 electrons 3. An atom of iron has an 26 protons, 30 neutrons, and 23 electrons. What are its atomic number, atomic mass, and net charge? A. atomic number = 26, atomic mass = 56, net charge = 3+ B. atomic number = 26, atomic mass = 56, net charge = 3− C. atomic number = 30, atomic mass = 56, net charge = 3+ D. atomic number = 56, atomic mass = 26, net charge = 3− Complete the table for the first 20 elements: Atomic Total Name Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Electrons Electrons in Electrons in Electrons in Electrons in 1st Orbit 2nd Orbit 3rd Orbit 4th Orbit Valence Electrons How many electrons to gain or lose? Charge on Resulting ION. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20