Download module6-20studyguideANSWERS

1. Autotrophs
a. Use photosynthesis
b. Are able to survive without oxygen
c. Are primary consumers
d. Are at the top of the food chain
e. Cannot assimilate carbon
2. A zebra is an example of
a. A secondary consumer
b. A producer
c. A detritivore
d. A primary consumer
e. A scavenger
3. If gross primary productivity in a wetland is 3 kg C/m2/year and respiration is 1.5 kg C/m2/year,
what is the net primary productivity of the wetland?
a. 1.5 kg C/m2/year
b. 2 kg C/m2/year
c. 3 kg C/m2/year
d. 4.5 kg C/m2/year
e. Impossible to determine from the given information
4. The average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is approximately
a. 1 %
b. 4 %
c. 10 %
d. 40 %
e. 50 %
5. The gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is
a. The total amount of biomass
b. The total energy captured by photosynthesis
c. The energy captured after accounting for respiration
d. The energy available to primary consumers
e. The biomass of the producers
6. Ecosystem boundaries are
a. Based primarily on topographic features
b. Boundaries to nutrient flows
c. Never based on human created features
d. Are only used for ecosystems smaller than a few square hectares
e. Depend on many subjective factors
7. Which is the correct order of ecological levels from basic to complex?
a. Individual, population, ecosystem, biosphere, community
b. Individual, community, ecosystem, population, biosphere
c. Individual, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
d. Ecosystem, biosphere, community, population, individual
e. Individual, population, community, biosphere, ecosystem
8. Population distribution is
a. Often clumped in response to predation
b. Used by wildlife managers when regulating hunting and fishing
c. Measured relative to other species
d. Uniform in most tree species
e. Important when estimating the number of offspring expected
9. Which is true about a population’s carrying capacity?
a. It is denoted as C
b. It is usually used when studying ecosystems
c. It depends on a limiting resource
d. It is controlled by density-independent factors
e. The population of a species cannot exceed it
10. Which population is typically regulated by density-independent factors?
a. Algae
b. Predators
c. Paramecium bacteria
d. Birds
e. Trees
11. Which does NOT have a significant effect on the number of offspring produced by a population?
a. Population distribution
b. Sex ratio
c. Age structure
d. Population size
e. Carrying capacity
12. The intrinsic growth rate of a population
a. Occurs at the population’s carrying capacity
b. Depends on the limiting resources of the population
c. Increases as the population size increases
d. Only occurs under ideal conditions
e. Decreases as the population size increases
13. Population growth using the exponential growth model
a. Increases at a constant rate
b. Applies to most populations only after a long time
c. Has an increasing intrinsic growth rate
d. Represents ideal conditions that rarely occur in natural populations
e. Incorporates the carrying capacity of the population
14. An r-selected species characteristically has
a. A type I survivorship curve.
b. Few offspring
c. A population near carrying capacity
d. Significant parental care
e. A fast population growth rate
15. Which is true of a population overshoot?
a. It occurs when reproduction quickly responds to changes in food supply
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b. It is followed by a die-off
c. It is most likely to be experienced by k-selected species
d. It rarely occurs in species with type III survivorship curves
e. It occurs when a species stops growing after reaching the carrying capacity
Inbreeding depression
a. Rarely occurs in highly connected metapopulations
b. Results from the creation of corridors between populations
c. Results in increased rates of reproduction
d. Occurs in species that are experiencing overshoot
e. Rarely occurs in k-selected species
Resource partitioning
a. Occurs in mutualisms
b. Can occur through morphological differences between competing species
c. Can cause the extinction of a competing species
d. Is not the result of behavioral changes
e. Does not occur among competing predators
The interaction between bees and sunflowers is an example of
a. Predation
b. Herbivory
c. Parasitism
d. Mutualism
e. Commensalism
Pathogens are a type of
a. Mutualist
b. Parasite
c. Predator
d. Herbivore
e. Commensalist
Which of the following is NOT typical of a keystone species?
a. It can shape and maintain habitats for other species
b. It can limit a dominant competitive species
c. It can have a relatively low abundance
d. It is at the top of the food chain
e. It is rarely a primary producer
Which interaction harms both species involved?
a. Competition
b. Predation
c. Parasitism
d. Mutualism
e. Commensalism