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Participial Phrases A participle phrase has a participle (past or present participles) plus any modifiers. This phrase functions as an adjective. A past participle usually ends in –ed, and a present participle ends in –ing. Example: Preparing for the lunar eclipse, we set our alarm clocks. Example: Having read about the eclipse, we were anxious to see it. Example: The full moon, suspended in the sky, was brilliant. Note: A participial phrase starts with a verbal (participle) but does not have a noun or subject. Absolute Phrases It has a noun or pronoun that is modified by a participle/participial phrase. It stands “absolutely” by itself in relation to the rest of the sentence. Example: Its wings being damaged by the storm, the aircraft crashed. Example: We took off on schedule, the weather [being] perfect. Example: She sped down the highway in her convertible, her hair fluttering in the wind. Note: An absolute phrase has, what looks like, a subject and verb in it. Appositive Phrases This phrase has a noun or pronoun and all its modifiers that is placed next to another noun or pronoun to identify it or rename it. Example: My brother works for Softwarehouse, a new retail outlet. Example: Barry Sanders, a great running back, played football for the Detroit Lions. Note: An appositive phrase is just a group of words with no verbal—it just renames a noun or pronoun. Prepositional Phrase This is a phrase that always begins with a preposition and usually ends with a noun or pronoun (called the object of the preposition). Example: One of the doors is locked, and I need the key to open it. Example: Automatic doors are commonplace in grocery stores. Commonly Use Prepositions aboard about above across after against along amid among around as at before behind below beside besides between beyond but* by concerning despite down during except excepting for from in *in the sense of “except” into like near of off on onto opposite out outside over past pending regarding respecting through throughout to toward under underneath until unto up upon with within without beneath inside since