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Download Geography PPT Unit 1-4
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Geography Study of the Earth What is Geography? Study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere Study of spatial variation How and why things differ from place to place on Earth. Study of how observable patterns evolve through time. To Begin With… 1. I was going toward the east and turned left into a street. I was now going toward what direction? North 2. I am lying in bed on my stomach with my head toward the south. Which wall of the room is to my left? East More Questions… 3. A boy stood on a beach in the continental United States and looked out toward the setting sun over the ocean. Toward which ocean is he facing? Pacific He then turned sharply to the right. Which direction is he now facing? North Why is Geography Important? Geography is not just about maps Geography is: Human Economies, Societies, and Cultures Plants, Animals, and Resources Climate and Physical Environment How all Things Affect Each Other: Pattern Prediction, How things are Interconnected, Etc. Five Themes of Geography 1. Location 2. Place 3. Region 4. Human-Environment Interaction 5. Movement Theme: Location The geographic question “Where is it?” refers to location. Absolute and Relative Locations Absolute Location Exact position of a mountain, river, or city on Earth’s surface using latitude and longitude Ex. Hurricane Gustav is at 19*N 74*W Relative Location Describes a place in relation to other places around it Relative location can change How? Theme: Place The question “What is it like?” refers to place. Place includes the physical features and cultural characteristics of a location. Climate, landforms, and vegetation Las Vegas What can you tell about this city based on this picture? Theme: Region The question “How are places similar or different?” refers to region. Regions usually have more than one characteristic that unifies them. They may include physical, political, economic, or cultural characteristics. Examples: South Asia, Europe, Midwest, the Sunbelt Theme: Human-Environment Interaction The question “How do people relate to the physical world?” refers to the relationship between human and their environment. People learn to use what the environment offers them and to change that environment to meet their needs. Theme: Movement The question “How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another?” Geographers are interested in the ways people, good, and ideas move from place to place. Geographers LOVE Maps!!! Parts of a Map: Compass Rose, Legend/Key, Scale Types of Maps: Topographical Physical Political Etc. Parts of a Map Legend/Key Compass Rose Map Scale Map key or legend Symbols on a map Compass Rose An ornamental symbol showing all four compass points Map Scale Line or bar that marks out how many inches or centimeters on the map equal how many miles or kilometers on Earth’s surface Types of Maps Topographical Physical Political Etc Topographical Map A map that shows the relief of an area. Physical Map A map that shows the relief of an area. Political Map A map that shows the relief of an area. Map Projections Physical Geography The student of the natural features of the earth’s surface Including: land formation, climate, currents, and distribution of plants and animals The Solar System Planets: Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune (No longer Pluto) Orbit The fixed path that a planet follows as it moves around the sun Revolution Movement of the Earth around the sun: contributes to the seasons of the year. Takes 365 ¼ days. Movement 1. The Earth is rotating at 1000 miles per hour. 2. The Earth is revolving at 66,000 miles per hour. 3. The Milky Way is moving at 1.3 million miles per hour. Axis Imaginary line that passes through the center of the planet from pole to pole on which the Earth rotates Earth is tilted 23 ½ degrees Rotation Turning of the Earth on its axis, causing night and day (takes 24 hours) Make Up of Earth Crust: Band of solid rock at the Earth’s surface that floats on the mantle Mantle: A partly melted, hot inner layer of rock between Earth’s crust and its core Outer Core: Layer of Earth made of hot molten iron and nickel Inner Core: The innermost portion of the Earth, made up of a solid 1,560 mile wide ball of iron and nickel Plates Enormous moving pieces of the Earth’s crust. Plate Tectonics The study of large scale movements of Earth’s crust Most of the Earth’s volcanoes are found along the plate boundaries. Landforms are caused by moving plates There are four types of landforms: Mountain Hill Plateau Plain Lava Liquid rock forced out of the ground onto the surface by volcanic activity; Magma that has reached the Earth’s surface is called lava. The liquid rock inside the Earth is called magma. Dome Large formation created by underground magma that warps Earth’s surface Picture at top is a lava dome inside Mount St. Helens Ring of Fire Zone around the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many of the active volcanoes are located. Aquifer An underground layer of rock that stores water. Weather The temperature and rainfall conditions of any place on a given day Climate The average of weather conditions over a period of years Latitude Lines that run east to west on the globe but measure north to south Also called parallels Equator 0 degrees latitude Longitude Lines that run north to south on the globe but measure east to west Also called Meridians Prime Meridian 0 degrees Longitude and runs through Greenwich, England Tropic of Cancer 23 ½ degrees north Tropic of Capricorn 23 ½ degrees south Arctic Circle 66 ½ degrees north Antarctic Circle 66 ½ degrees south Question for You Why do we need to know how to locate latitude and longitude? High latitudes or Polar regions All of the area north of the Arctic Circle (66 ½ degrees north) All of the area south of the Antarctic Circle (66 ½ degrees south) Cold Low Latitudes or Tropics 23 ½ degrees north latitude to 23 ½ degrees south latitude Hot Middle Latitudes 23 ½ degrees north to 66 ½ degrees north 23 ½ degrees south to 66 ½ degrees south Temperate Why Weather Matters How does weather affect cultural and societal development? Differing theories Environmental Determinism Possibilism Does weather affect where people live? Yes! Look at population density around the world. Continents Ural Mountains separate Europe from Asia Continent Questions 1. Largest continent Asia 2. Smallest continent Australia 3. Touches the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans Antarctica More Questions 4. Contains the Alps Europe 5. Contains the Amazon River South America 6. The continent with the largest population Asia 7. Cape of Good Hope at its southern tip Africa 8. Contains the worlds longest river Africa More Questions 9. Separated from Asia by the Isthmus of Suez Africa 10. Contains the tallest mountain Asia 11. What are the tallest mountains? Himalayas Mt. Everest in the Himalayas Approx. 29,035’ high In Asia Mariana Trench Deepest point in the ocean Approx. 36,201’ deep Off coast of Japan
