Download The Civil War - Lewis-Palmer School District 38

The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
Through
Maps, Charts,
Graphs &
Pictures
North vs. South in 1861
North
(blue)
Union
•
•
Advantages
•
•
•
•
•
Most were young
40% 21 or younger
• Lacked good
military leadership
•
Disadvantages
Larger Population
More Industry
More Resources
Better Banking
More Ships
More Railroads
Had Lincoln
South
(grey)
Confederates
Fighting on
Home turf-hard
to invade
• Large Military
Tradition
• Jefferson Davis
•
Did not have
industry
• No trade
agreement with
other countries
•
Rating the North & the South
Slave/Free States Population, 1861
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the South
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South
Combined
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
Leaders of the Union
V.P. Hannibal Hamlin
Pres. Abraham Lincoln
V.P. Andrew Johnson
The Confederate “White House”
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
http://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/sele
ctions/confed/trans.html
Overview
of
the North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
Union Grand Strategy
1. Blockade
Southern
Ports
2. Take
control of
the
Mississippi
3. Take
Richmond
South Strategy
Key advantage – North had to attack and
defeat the south. If not, the Confederacy
will become a separate nation
Defending homeland
Skills – hunting, horses, and they knew the
land
European Help
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
George Meade
Ulysses S. Grant
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
A key figure in early American
photography
Brady is famous for his Civil War
photographs, which have created
lasting images of the conflict in
terms of rotting corpses and
destroyed cities.
Self-portrait of Matthew Brady,1861
Richmond, VA Destroyed
Yet however lifelike these pictures
seem, we must realize that they were
not always accurate depictions of
wartime realities.
Photographers would carefully
arranged the scenes, and even
moved corpses to ensure that they
appeared where they wanted them.
At the Battle of Antietam
http://video.pbs.org/video/1832507650/
Fort Sumter, SC
Charleston Harbor in
South Carolina
April 12, 1861
Supplies were low
Jefferson Davis
ordered the fort to
be attacked before
supplies could reach
it
Held for 34 hours
before surrendering
Bull Run (Manassas), Virginia
Confederate
Victory
Bold and aggressive, Jackson
earned the nickname "Stonewall" at
this battle. His daring style earned
for him a reputation which daunted
many Union commanders
General Irvin McDowell
Advance on Manassas Junction before he
felt his volunteer regiments were ready for
battle.
30,000 inexperienced men
2896 Union
1982 Confederate
Johnston
(in command)
Beauregard
Bull Run
Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
Monitor vs. Merrimack (Virginia)
The Merrimack during her conversion
to the Virginia
March 9, 1862
The gun turrets of
The Monitor
Damage on the Deck of the Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Monitor
Buy Your Way Out of Military Service
War in the East: 1861-1862
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
Antietam
After several Southern Victories, Davis ordered Lee to attack in
Maryland
-Union soldiers intercept Lee’s battle plans
-McClellan waited for 4 days before attacking
-September 17, 1862
-More men died on this day - 6,000 dead 17,000 injured
-McClellan did not follow Lincoln’s orders and was replaced by
Burnside
-Union victory
As a result of this battle:
France and England, who were
considering recognizing the CSA as a
legitimate country, decided to wait.
The outcome encouraged President
Lincoln to work on the Emancipation
Proclamation – take action against slavery
Antietam
Antietam
McClellan
Lincoln
At
Antietam
Emancipation in 1863
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
The Southern View of Emancipation
African-American Recruiting Poster
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould
Shaw
African-Americans
in Civil War Battles
Black Troops Freeing Slaves
Chancellorsville
in Virginia
Hooker lead the North
Lee for the South
May 1-3, 1863
Hooker expected Lee to retreat
– Hooker had nearly 115,000
– Lee had 60,000
Lee had no intention of retreating.
The Confederates suffered 14,000 casualties
The Union suffered 17,000.
Chancellorsville is considered Lee's greatest victory
By dividing their forces repeatedly, the massively outnumbered
Confederates drove the Federal army from the battlefield
Stonewall
Perhaps the most damaging loss to the Confederacy was the
death of Lee's "right arm," Stonewall Jackson, who died of
pneumonia on May 10, shortly after 3:00pm, while recuperating
from his wounds.
– “Order A. P. Hill to prepare for action! Pass the infantry to the
front! Tell Major Hawks....” Then the good General paused, smiled,
and spoke his last words: “Let us cross over the river, and rest
under the shade of the trees.”
Jackson was hit by three bullets, two in the left arm and one in
the right hand.
The War in
the West, 1863:
Vicksburg
Vicksburg
May – July, 1863.
Grant for Union (Porter for the Navy)
To escape the relentless shelling, the townspeople fled to nearby
hills and shoveled out caves in the hills.
The Union stranglehold brought the city to its knees, including 2,500
civilians. All began to starve, resorting to eating their cattle, horses,
and pets.
On July 4, 1863, Pemberton was forced to surrender. Of the 35,825
dead, only 4,550 were Union.
Because of this slow and horrible defeat, citizens of Vicksburg
refused to celebrate the 4th of July for 81 years.
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
Gettysburg Casualties
Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
Confederate soldiers were going into town for supplies
Bloodiest battle of the Civil War and is frequently cited as the
war's turning point.
Men on both sides showed extreme courage and determination,
making it the bloodiest battle with the highest death toll.
Lee’s army was allowed to retreat without immediate chase
(Meade), again extending the war.
This was the last battle on Union soil.
Gettysburg Address delivered after
this battle.
Lincoln came and dedicated this
battleground as a
National Cemetery
Gettysburg
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Gettysburg
-General George E. Pickett spearheaded one of the most incredible
efforts in military history
-A massed infantry assault of 15,000 Confederate troops across the
open field toward the Union center on Cemetery Ridge.
-One mile they marched, while being pounded by artillery and rifle fire.
-Through it all, Pickett's men reached but failed to break the Union line,
and the magnificent effort ended in disaster.
-In 50 minutes, 10,000 in the assault had become casualties
Gettysburg
3:00
3:30
4:00
Gettysburg
-Union casualties were 23,055
3,155 killed, 14,531 wounded, 5,369 captured or
missing
-Confederate casualties are difficult to estimate - 23,231
4,708 killed, 12,693 wounded, 5,830 captured or
missing
Pickett’s Charge
Gettysburg – Devil’s Den
Little Round Top
Gettysburg National Cemetery
The North Initiates
the Draft, 1863
Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC
Recruiting Blacks in NYC
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
The Progress of War: 1861-1865
1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)
Presidential Election
Results:
1864
Total Destruction: Sherman’s
March to the Sea
The Final Virginia Campaign:
1864-1865
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Lee Surrenders
April 2, 1865, Grant takes Richmond
Lee withdraws to Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders
Lincoln:
With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness
in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish
the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him
who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his
orphan...to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting
peace among ourselves and with all nations.
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination
Lincoln Assassinated
At about 10:15 P.M. Booth opened the door
to the State Box, shot Lincoln in the back of
the head at near point-blank range, and
struggled with Rathbone. Booth stabbed
Rathbone in the arm and jumped
approximately 11 feet to the stage below.
When he hit the floor he snapped the fibula
bone in his left leg just above the ankle. Many
in the theater thought he yelled "Sic Semper
Tyrannis" (Latin for "As Always to Tyrants").
Besides killing Lincoln, Booth
and his co-conspirators were
to also kill Vice-President
Andrew Johnson, and
Secretary of State William
Seward. All attacks were to
take place simultaneously at
approximately 10:15 P.M.
Booth hoped the resulting
chaos and weakness in the
government would lead to a
comeback for the South.
WANTED~~!!
Now He Belongs to the Ages!
The Execution