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CONCE P Name: TR Group: Date: EST EVIEW 24 The lithosphere: minerals and rocks PAGES 184–191 Complete this concept review handout and keep it as a record of what you have learned. Definitions The lithosphere is the hard shell of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the topmost part of the upper mantle. Minerals are solid inorganic substances with clearly defined composition and properties. Rocks are heterogeneous solids composed of many minerals. Internal structure of the Earth Lithosphere Inner core Outer core Lower mantle Upper mantle © ERPI Reproduction permitted solely for classroom use with Observatory. Earth’s crust Some of the main minerals mined in Québec Mineral Gold Possible uses Jewellery, electronic equipment, trade Pipes for plumbing, electronic equipment, electrical wire, Copper construction (roofing) Stainless steel, magnets, coins Nickel Iron Observatory / Guide 11129-B ANSWER KEY Steel manufacture 1 Concept reviews CONCEPT REVIEW 24 The lithosphere: minerals and rocks Name: Group: Date: Distinctive features of minerals • Unique chemical composition • Exist naturally. • Inorganic substances • Ordered atomic structure Some physical properties of minerals Property Description Idiochromatic Colour minerals : The element that gives them their colour is part of their chemical composition. Allochromatic minerals : The impurities they contain give them their colour. Property by which a mineral allow light to pass through it. Transparent : Lets light pass straight through it. Transparency Translucent : Lets light through, but it is impossible to see through it. Opaque : Lets no rays through at all. Resistance to scratching according to the Mohs scale Hardness (value from 1 to 10) Powder trace obtained by rubbing the mineral on a surface of Streak unglazed porcelain Types of rock Type of rock Formation © ERPI Reproduction permitted solely for classroom use with Observatory. The result of the cooling of magma. Igneous rocks Extrusive igneous rocks are formed on contact with the air. Intrusive igneous rocks are formed before reaching the surface. The result of accumulation and compaction of debris Sedimentary rocks Former igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been transformed by Metamorphic rocks Observatory / Guide 11129-B ANSWER KEY heat or pressure. 2 Concept reviews CONCEPT REVIEW 24 The lithosphere: minerals and rocks