Download Review for the Acuity

Notes:
Questions
Answers
What is the source
of energy for almost
all ecosystems?
The Sun supports most of
Earth's ecosystems. Plants
create chemical energy
(Sugar and Oxyten) from
abiotic factors (light) that
includes solar energy or the
SUN. The food energy
created by producers
(through photosynthesis) is
passed to consumers,
scavengers, and decomposers.
===================
Question 1: Which of these is
the source of energy for
producers in an ecosystem?
a. light from the sun
b. heat from the sun
c. oxygen from the air
d. chemicals from the water
Question 2: Which statement
about energy in an ecosystem
is not true?
a. Many animals get energy
from eating plants.
b. Energy can be transferred
from one animal to another.
c. Plants use energy from the
sun to perform normal
functions.
d. Animals transfer energy to
the soil, and this energy is used
by plants.
Practice:
What happens to light energy
from the sun when it reaches
producers?
Question 1 Answer:
a. light from the sun
Standard: Understand that
sunlight is the source of
energy for most ecosystems.
Level 1 - Recognizing and
Recalling:
Acuity A-63% of School
answered correctly on Q1:
60% of the District
answered correctly on Q1:
=================================
Question 2 answer: d. Animals transfer
energy to the soil, and this energy is used by
plants.
==================================
Correct Answer: C
A: Producers consume light
energy as food.
B: Producers use light energy to
warm their bodies.
C: Producers convert light
energy into chemical energy.
D: Producers transfer all of the
==================================
light energy to consumers.
What is the source of energy for Correct Answer: A
photosynthesis?
A: light from the sun
B: heat from the sun
C: nutrients from the soil
D: nutrients from decaying
plants
=================================
Standard:
Understand how to construct or interpret a food chain/food web. – 84100
Energy Transfer Notes:
Producer (Autotroph) – an organism that makes its own food and stores energy • Example: plants
Consumer (Heterotroph) – an organism that obtains food and energy by eating other organisms
Types of Consumers:
1. Herbivores – organisms that eat only plants • Example: cattle
2. Carnivores – organisms that eat only animals • Example: coyotes
3. Omnivores – organisms that eat both plants and animals • Example: bears
Decomposer (also a heterotroph) – organisms that obtain energy by breaking down wastes and the remains of
dead organisms • Examples: mushrooms and earthworms • Food Chain – model that shows how energy passes
from one organism to another • In a food chain, an arrow points from the organism being eaten to the organism
doing the eating Primary source of energy in a food chain is the sun
• Example: Plant → Rabbit → Weasel
Levels of Consumers:
First level: Consumers that eat producers
Second level: Consumers that eat first-level consumers • Only about 10% of the energy
consumed by a first-level consumer is available for the second-level consumer.
The other 90% is used to support the life processes (keeping warm, pooping, etc) of the primary
consumer
This means that the higher the level of consumer, the fewer there are of them because they have
to eat A LOT to get enough energy
Food Web – a series of overlapping or connected food chains that exist in an ecosystem. More accurate than a
food chain because they show ALL the feeding relationships within an ecosystem
Correct Answer: C
Correct Answer: A
Correct Answer: A
Practice:
Notes:
Water covers nearly
75% of the earth.
When we think of
water, we think of
rain, lakes and rivers
because they are parts
of our daily lives.
Water is also found in
the atmosphere,
underground, in snow,
ice, seas and oceans. It
is in constant motion
and recycles itself
through the Water
Cycle.
Most of the earth’s
water is salty or
permanently
frozen in the
glaciers and
icecaps. 95.1% of
water on earth is
estimated to be salt
water. Fresh water
total only 4.9% of all
water on earth. Fresh
water is found in ice,
lakes, rivers, streams
and underground.
0.01% of earth’s water
is found in rivers and
lakes.
Standard:
Understand that
fresh water is limited in
supply (3% of the water on
Earth) and uneven in
distribution (primarily locked
in icecaps and glaciers).
Understand that freshwater is
essential for life and other
human activities. - 78769
Question 1:
Where can most of the fresh water on Earth be found?
A: in the ocean
B: in rivers and lakes
C: in underground aquifers
D: in glaciers and the polar icecaps
The correct answer is: D
Write and answer these Practice Questions in your journal:
1. Where is most of Earth's fresh water located?
A in lakes and ponds
B in rivers and streams
C underground and in the soil
D in glaciers and in polar ice caps
2. Why is it important to conserve fresh water?
A All fish need fresh water to survive.
B There is a limited amount of fresh water available.
C Fresh water is needed in power plants to generate electricity.
D Fresh water is necessary for maintaining oxygen levels in the air.
3. Which of these would cause fresh water sources to become polluted? A
untreated sewage flowing into rivers
B lack of rain due to an extended drought
C evaporation from lakes due to global warming
D pumping groundwater to supply drinking water
Standard: Know that relationships exist between different species in an ecosystem. – 63695
Some bacteria live in human intestines and help break down food into nutrients that both the
bacteria and the humans can use. Which of these best describes the relationship between the
humans and these bacteria?
A:
B:
C:
D:
parasitic relationship
competitive relationship
predator-prey relationship
mutually beneficial relationship---------The correct answer is: D
Which organism contributes most to the recycling of nutrients?
A
B
C
D
decomposer-------------The correct answer is A
parasite
predator
producer
What would happen to a predator if all of the population of its prey were killed by a sudden
disease?
A: The predators would switch to a different prey.
B: The predators would need humans to provide food for them.
C: The predator population would decrease because of a food shortage.
D: The predator population would increase because of a change in food supply.
Write and answer these Practice Questions in your journal:
Standard: When an object is acted on by an unbalanced force it changes its motion by speeding up, slowing
down, or changing direction. – 59722
Notes:
Unbalanced Force = Net Force
Source: https://www.mansfieldct.org/Schools/MMS/staff/hand/lawsunbalancedforce.htm
A force is a push or a pull that is capable of changing the velocity of a mass. Forces are measured in “Newtons”
or “N”, in honor of Sir Isaac Newton. According to Mr. Newton, an object will only accelerate if there is “net
force” acting upon it. A net force is the sum of all forces acting on an object. A net force is capable of
accelerating a mass. For instance, if the wheels of a car push it forward with 5 Newtons and drag is 3 Newtons,
the net force is 2 Newtons, forward. Motion to the right is positive. Motion to the left is negative.
As we have said before, a net force is the sum of
all forces acting on an object. Look at the picture
of the red plane. In this example, the difference
between drag and thrust is 15 Newtons, to the left.
This net force is capable of accelerating (slowing
down) the plane. Net forces always accelerate
masses.
Net force = resultant force = unbalanced
force = outside force.
If an object has a net force acting on it, it will accelerate. The object will speed up, slow down or change
direction. An unbalanced force (net force) acting on an object changes its speed and/or direction of motion. An
unbalanced force is an unopposed force that causes a change in motion. A net force = unbalanced force. If
however, the forces are balanced (in equilibrium) and there is no net force, the object will not accelerate and the
velocity will remain constant.
Unbalanced Forces: Placing a box on the seesaw unbalances it. The weight of the
box is the unbalanced or net force which causes the seesaw to accelerate
downward until it hits the ground.
Let’s assume that the wheels of a car apply 10 N of force. What
is the net force if friction and drag are negligible?
The net force would equal 10 Newtons, forward. The mass
will accelerate.
What is the net force if the wheels of the car apply 10 Newtons
but a parachute applies 7 Newtons in the other direction?
The net force would equal 3 Newtons, forward. The mass
will accelerate.
A rocket applies an additional force of 10 Newtons to the 10
Newtons that are applied by the wheels. What is the net force if
the parachute continues to apply 7 Newtons in the other
direction?
The net force would equal 13 Newtons, forward. The mass
will accelerate.
Balanced Forces: When forces are in
balance, acceleration is zero. Velocity is
constant and there is no net or unbalanced
force. A plane will fly at constant velocity if
the acceleration is zero.
The forces are in balance.
Consider a person sliding down a slide at constant velocity. In this example, there is no net
force when a mass moves at constant velocity. Although friction is acting on the person, there
is no change in velocity and friction is not a net force in this case.
Friction is only a net force if it changes the velocity of a mass. If friction slowed the person
down, then there is a net force.
A car is moving at 10 m/s. The wheels apply 10 N of force.
Drag exerts 10 N in the other direction. There is no net force.
According to Newton’s 2nd Law,
Fnet = MA
The acceleration will be zero, since there is no net force. Will
the speed of this car change under the present circumstances?
No.
A fireman slides down a pole at constant velocity. Friction
resists his fall. At constant velocity, his weight equals the force
of friction. In other words, there is no net force.
If however, he loosens his grip and decreases the friction force,
he will accelerate downward. As he accelerates, there is a net
force.
Questions with answers:
https://ips.iat.com/californiaEdition/student
s_edition2/test_prep/assets/u3c1_sample_qu
iz_key.pdfhttps://ips.iat.com/californiaEditi
on/students_edition2/test_prep/assets/u3c1
_sample_quiz_key.pdf
Your turn: Write and answer these Practice Questions
in your journal:
Standard: The greater the force acting on an object, the greater will be its change in motion. The greater the mass of an object
acted on by a force the less will be its change in motion. – 11304
Notes:
https://thescienceclassroom.wikispaces.com/Newton%27s+Second+Law+of+Motion
http://www.oswego.edu/~dristle/PHY_206_powerpoints/Forces_3.3-4t.pdf
file:///C:/Users/krobinso6836/Downloads/Chapter_11.2.pdf
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI_mG6KjNEc
Problems with answers: http://resurrection3.wcdsb.ca/newsite/academics/dept_pages/Math_Sci/Physics/Newton's2ndQandA.pdf
Answers: Explain why these are the answers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
D
B
C
A
Standard:
Energy occurs in many forms, including light, heat, electrical, sound, mechanical, chemical, and nuclear. –
69081
Notes: Source:
http://www.ei.lehigh.edu/learners/energy/readings/ener
gy_basics.pdf
Answers: Explain why these are the answers.
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. A
Standard: When several forces act on an object, the resulting, overall force is called the net force.
If the net force is not zero, it is called an unbalanced force, which will cause a change in motion. –
18859
Notess: See Unbalanced Notes Above…..
Explain why B is the right answer. Show your work.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Answers: Explain why these are the answers.
Practice: Source: http://www.beaconlearningcenter.com/documents/2424_01.pdf
Standard:
Gravitational force acts between any two objects. The greater the masses of the objects, the greater is the force; the
greater the distance between the objects, the less is the force. – 56376
Answers: Explain why these are the answers.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
B
D
C
D
C