Download Circulatory System Unit Review(FALL 2014)

Circulatory System Unit Review
1. Describe why single-celled and simple multi-cellular organisms do not need a circulatory system.
2. Why do more complex multicellular organisms require a circulatory system? What is the primary function of a
circulatory system?
3. Describe the 7 major functions of the circulatory system.
4. What are the 3 major structures in a circulatory system?
5. What are the differences between open and closed circulatory systems? What is hemolymph? What are the
advantages of a closed circulatory system?
6. Describe the difference between the circulatory systems of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals?
7. Describe the three main components of blood and their functions. Now the terms: hemoblobin, agranular
leukocytes, agranular leukocytes, pus.
8. Describe the process of coagulation.
9. What is a complete blood count? How is it obtained? What is it used for? What is a hematocrit?
10. Describe the ABO and Rh antigens on red blood cells. Describe the compatibility of blood types and what
happens if you receive a blood type that doesn’t match your own.
11. What is hemolytic disease of the newborn? How can it be prevented?
12. Describe the structure and function of arteries and veins and describe how their structures suit their functions.
13. Know the major arteries and veins in the human body (see the handout provided in class)
14. Describe the structure and function of arterioles, venules, and capillaries.
15. Describe how a closed circulatory system is able to divert blood to areas that require more O2 and nutrients and
the removal of waste, using the terms: vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and capillary sphincters.
16. Describe where and how materials are exchanged between the interstitial fluid and the blood. How are
concentration and pressure involved?
17. What are varicose veins? How are they formed?
18. Describe the structures of the mammalian heart.
19. How is fetal circulation different from a newborn baby’s circulatory system?
20. What is blood pressure? How is it measured and recorded? What 2 major factors determine blood pressure?
21. What are the parts of the mammalian heart and how does blood flow through it?
22. What causes the “lubb-dubb” sound of the heart? What happens if the valves in your heart don’t close
properly?
23. What is myogenic muscle?
24. What is the SA node? What is it also referred to as?
25. Describe how the SA node, AV node and Purkinje fibres are involved in setting the heart’s tempo.
26. What part of the brain controls heart rate? What are the names of the 2 nerves that connect the brain to the
heart?
27. Describe the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems – when are they stimulated and what is the
result on heart rate?
Know details of circulatory disorder presentations
Know the detailed pathway that a red blood cell follows as it enters the heart (enters the right atrium), goes
to the lungs where gas exchange takes place, returns to the heart and is pumped to the body cells as well as
its return trip to the heart. – you need to know specific structures of the heart and names of major vessels!
Review questions: page 278 to 279 # 1 - 24