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 STANDARD VUS.6e
SECTIONAL TENSIONS!
 STANDARD VUS.6e
SECTIONAL TENSIONS!
Issues creating Tension
Issues creating Tension
 Jacksonian Democracy
Issues creating Tension
 Jacksonian Democracy
 New political parties
Issues creating Tension
 Jacksonian Democracy
 New political parties
 Economic interests
Issues creating Tension




Jacksonian Democracy
New political parties
Economic interests
Women’s rights
Issues creating Tension





Jacksonian Democracy
New political parties
Economic interests
Women’s rights
Westward expansion
Issues creating Tension






Jacksonian Democracy
New political parties
Economic interests
Women’s rights
Westward expansion
Slavery!
Sectional
Tensions
Sectional
Tensions
 STANDARD VUS.6e
 STANDARD VUS.6e
 STANDARD VUS.6d
 The student will demonstrate knowledge of
the major events from the last decade of the
eighteenth century through the first half of
the nineteenth century by
 d) relating the changing character of American
political life in “the age of the common man”
(Jacksonian Era) to increasing popular
participation in state and national politics.
 The changing character of American
politics in “the age of the common man” was
characterized by heightened emphasis on
equality in the political process for adult
white males.
 The rise of interest in group politics and
sectional issues brought a changing style of
campaigning and increased voter participation.
Jacksonian Democracy
• Andrew Jackson became
President in 1829
Jacksonian Democracy
• Andrew Jackson became
President in 1829
• When he took office he
encouraged the “Spoils
System” where friends of
his party would get
appointed to important
positions
Jacksonian Democracy
• Jackson also
encouraged the voting
power of the common
man saying that
everyone should have
political power…..
Jacksonian Democracy
• Jackson also
encouraged the voting
power of the common
man saying that
everyone should have
political power…..
• Of course, this was the
common “white male”
Jacksonian Democracy
• Jackson passes laws
allowing ALL white
males to vote!
SOL Question!
The events in this flow chart
illustrate which of the following?
A Decreasing voter turnout
B The rise of the common man in
American politics
C The decline of American political
parties
D Political corruption in elections
SOL Question!
Which group helped Andrew Jackson become
President of the United States the first time they
could participate in an election?
A People allowed to vote without paying a poll tax
B Newly freed slaves from West Africa
C People allowed to vote without owning property
D Naturalized immigrants from Eastern Europe
SOL Question!
One of the fundamental beliefs of Jacksonian
Democracy was that –
A political parties should have popular leaders
B ordinary citizens should participate in politics
C religious leaders should hold elected offices
D federal jobs ahold go to qualified individuals
SOL Question!
According to the passage, what kind of government
did President Andrew Jackson support?
A Aristocracy
B Democracy
C Oligarchy
D Anarchy
New Political Parties
New Political Parties
 The Federalist Party disappeared, and
new political parties, the Whigs and KnowNothings, were organized in opposition to
the Democratic Party (which was Jackson’s
party)
New Political Parties
 The Whig party
favored congress over
the president and
opposed autocratic
rule (rule by one single
person - which they
thought Jackson was)
New Political Parties
 The “Know-Nothing”
party felt America was
being over run by
German and Irish
Catholic Immigrants, so
it wanted to address the
immigration issue!
New Political Parties
 “Know nothing” was a
nick name
 The party organization
was secretive, when
asked about it, the
members “Know nothing”
New Political Parties
 They started as the
Native American Party,
but this didn’t mean
“Native Indians” it meant
the native whites of
America… the English
descendants!
 STANDARD VUS.6e
 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the
major events from the last decade of the
eighteenth century through the first half of the
nineteenth century by
 e) describing the cultural, economic, and political
issues that divided the nation, including tariffs,
slavery, the abolitionist and women’s suffrage
movements, and the role of the states in the Union.
 STANDARD VUS.6e
Sectional tensions caused by
competing economic interests
Sectional tensions caused by
competing economic interests
 The industrial North favored high
protective tariffs to protect Northern
manufactured goods from foreign
competition.
Sectional tensions caused by
competing economic interests
 The industrial North favored high
protective tariffs to protect Northern
manufactured goods from foreign
competition.
Protective Tariff
A tax on imported goods to protect
domestic companies from competition
Sectional tensions caused by
competing economic interests
 The industrial North favored high
protective tariffs to protect Northern
manufactured goods from foreign
competition.
 The agricultural South opposed high tariffs
that made the price of imports more
expensive.
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 By “nature of the Union” we mean who
should hold the most power… the states or
the national government
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 In 1828 and 1832, Congress passed two
“protectionist tariffs”
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 In 1828 and 1832, Congress passed two
“protectionist tariffs”
 These were high taxes against any imports
which may take away money from those who
manufacture goods here in the U.S.
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 In 1828 and 1832, Congress passed two
“protectionist tariffs”
 These were high taxes against any imports
which may take away money from those who
manufacture goods here in the U.S.
 But this tariff hurt cotton growers in the
South, especially in South Carolina
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 South Carolina passed a law that states could nullify
the Tariff of 1832 and other acts of Congress. And said
the tariff laws were “null and void” (dead) in South
Carolina
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 South Carolina passed a law that states could nullify
the Tariff of 1832 and other acts of Congress. And said
the tariff laws were “null and void” (dead) in South
Carolina
Nullify
To invalidate, declare useless
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 South Carolina passed a law that states could nullify
the Tariff of 1832 and other acts of Congress. And said
the tariff laws were “null and void” (dead) in South
Carolina
 This became known as the “Nullification Crisis”
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 South Carolina passed a law that states could nullify
the Tariff of 1832 and other acts of Congress. And said
the tariff laws were “null and void” (dead) in South
Carolina
 This became known as the “Nullification Crisis”
 If Andrew Jackson allowed this, it would give the
states too much power!
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 South Carolina passed a law that states could nullify
the Tariff of 1832 and other acts of Congress. And said
the tariff laws were “null and void” (dead) in South
Carolina
 This became known as the “Nullification Crisis”
 If Andrew Jackson allowed this, it would give the
states too much power!
 The Constitution of the U.S. states that the national
government is supreme over state governments.
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 Congress quickly passed a law giving
President Jackson the right to send troops to
South Carolina to force them into
submission
Sectional tensions caused by debates
over the nature of the Union
 Congress quickly passed a law giving
President Jackson the right to send troops to
South Carolina to force them into
submission
 Congress also passed a new lower tax
which made S.C. happier and they repealed
their “Nullification” law.
SOL Question!
In the mid-1800s, which group supported high
tariffs to raise the price of imported
manufactured goods?
A Western gold miners and cattle ranchers
B Southern plantation owners
C Northern factory owners and workers
D Great Plains wheat farmers
The women’s suffrage movement
The women’s suffrage movement
Suffrage
The right to vote
The women’s suffrage movement
 At the same time the abolitionist movement
grew, another reform movement took root—the
movement to give equal rights to women.
The women’s suffrage movement
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.
Anthony became involved in the women’s
suffrage movement before the Civil War and
continued with the movement after the war
The women’s suffrage movement
 Politically, women were to be neither seen nor
heard.
The women’s suffrage movement
 Politically, women were to be neither seen nor
heard.
 Several women organized a two day meeting
in Seneca Falls, New York
The women’s suffrage movement
 Politically, women were to be neither seen nor
heard.
 Several women organized a two day meeting
in Seneca Falls, New York
The women’s suffrage movement
 Politically, women were to be neither seen nor
heard.
 Several women organized a two day meeting
in Seneca Falls, New York
 The meeting was called the Seneca Falls
Convention… It discussed women’s rights and
women’s right to vote
The women’s suffrage movement
 Seneca Falls Convention:
 Out of the meeting came the “Declaration of
Sentiments”
The women’s suffrage movement
 Seneca Falls Convention:
 Out of the meeting came the “Declaration of
Sentiments”
 It was modeled after the Declaration of
Independence and listed many grievances
against men in general
The women’s suffrage movement
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Sentiments
He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective
franchise.
He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no
voice.
He has withheld from her rights which are given to the most ignorant and
degraded men - both natives and foreigners.
Having deprived her of this first right as a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby
leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her
on all sides.
He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead.
He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns.
He has made her morally, an irresponsible being, as she can commit many crimes
with impunity, provided they be done in the presence of her husband. In the
covenant of marriage, she is compelled to promise obedience to her husband, he
becoming, to all intents and purposes, her master - the law giving him power to
deprive her of her liberty, and to administer chastisement.
The women’s suffrage movement
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He has so framed the laws of divorce, as to what shall be the proper causes of
divorce, in case of separation, to whom the guardianship of the children shall be
given; as to be wholly regardless of the happiness of the women - the law, in all
cases, going upon a false supposition of the supremacy of a man, and giving all
power into his hands.
After depriving her of all rights as a married woman, if single and the owner of
property, he has taxed her to support a government which recognizes her only
when her property can be made profitable to it.
He has monopolized nearly all the profitable employments, and from those she is
permitted to follow, she receives but a scanty remuneration.
He closes against her all the avenues to wealth and distinction, which he considers
most honorable to himself. As a teacher of theology, medicine, or law, she is not
known.
He has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorough education - all colleges
being closed against her.
The women’s suffrage movement
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He allows her in church, as well as State, but a subordinate position, claiming
Apostolic authority for her exclusion from the ministry, and, with some exceptions,
from any public participation in the affairs of the Church.
He has created a false public sentiment by giving to the world a different code of
morals for men and women, by which moral delinquencies which exclude women
from society, are not only tolerated but deemed of little account in man.
He has usurped the prerogative of Jehovah himself, claiming it as his right to assign
for her a sphere of action, when that belongs to her conscience and her God.
He has endeavored, in every way that he could to destroy her confidence in her
own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and to make her willing to lead a
dependent and abject life.
Read the following quote by Abraham Lincoln.
“‘A house divided against itself cannot stand.’ I
believe this government cannot endure
permanently half slave and half free. I do not
expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect
the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be
divided. It will become all one thing, or all the
other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest
the further spread of it…or its (supporters) will
push it forward till it shall become…lawful in all
the states, old as well as new, North as well as
South.”
What point is Lincoln making about the future faced by the
United States?
• Natural rights/ unalienable rights
– Rights which were not contingent upon the laws,
customs, or beliefs of a particular society or state;
morally universal
• Life, Liberty, Property
– people have the right to life, liberty, and property.
• Equality under the law
– Principle under which each individual is subject to the
same laws, with no individual or group having special
legal privileges
have unalienable
you seen rights
these rights used
• Where
Natural rights/
American
– Rightsin
which
were not documents?
contingent upon the laws,
customs, or beliefs of a particular society or state;
morally universal
• Life, Liberty, Property
– people have the right to life, liberty, and property.
• Equality under the law
– Principle under which each individual is subject to the
same laws, with no individual or group having special
legal privileges
have unalienable
you seen rights
these rights used
• Where
Natural rights/
American
– Rightsin
which
were not documents?
contingent upon the laws,
customs, or beliefs of a particular society or state;
morally universal
•
Declaration of Independence!
Constitution!
Life, Liberty, Property
– people have the right to life, liberty, and property.
• Equality under the law
– Principle under which each individual is subject to the
same laws, with no individual or group having special
legal privileges
have unalienable
you seen rights
these rights used
• Where
Natural rights/
American
– Rightsin
which
were not documents?
contingent upon the laws,
customs, or beliefs of a particular society or state;
morally universal
•
Declaration of Independence!
Constitution!
Life, Liberty, Property
– people have the right to life, liberty, and property.
Who have you seen proclaiming these rights?
• Equality under the law
– Principle under which each individual is subject to the
same laws, with no individual or group having special
legal privileges
have unalienable
you seen rights
these rights used
• Where
Natural rights/
American
– Rightsin
which
were not documents?
contingent upon the laws,
customs, or beliefs of a particular society or state;
morally universal
•
Declaration of Independence!
Constitution!
Life, Liberty, Property
– people have the right to life, liberty, and property.
Who have you seen proclaiming these rights?
• Equality under the law
Thomas Jefferson!
– Principle under which each individual is subject to the
George Washington!
same laws, with no individual or group having special
Etc…
legal privileges
One of the major causes of the American Civil War was…
Slavery!
Rebellions
Up to the 1860s slavery was a legal institution in all the
southern states…
Up to the 1860s slavery was a legal institution in all the
southern states…
The United States Congress outlawed slave trade in 1807
- yet slavery itself was still legal
- still legal to buy and sell slaves born within the United
States
Up to the 1860s slavery was a legal institution in all the
southern states…
The United States Congress outlawed slave trade in 1807
- yet slavery itself was still legal
- still legal to buy and sell slaves born within the United
States
In 1831, a bloody slave rebellion took place in Southampton
County, Virginia. A slave named Nat Turner, who was able to
read and write and had visions.
He started what became known as ”Nat Turner's Rebellion” or
the Southampton Insurrection. With the goal of freeing
himself and others, Turner and his followers killed
approximately fifty men, women and children, but they were
eventually subdued by the militia.
Sectional tensions caused by the
institution of slavery
 Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Turner
and Gabriel Prosser
Led a revolt on Richmond. His plans were leaked before he began. He and 26
others were hanged.
Up to the 1860s slavery was a legal institution in all the
southern states…
The United States Congress outlawed slavery in 1807
- yet slavery itself was still legal
- still legal to buy and sell slaves born within the United
States
In 1831, a bloody slave rebellion took place in Southampton
County, Virginia. A slave named Nat Turner, who was able to
read and write and had visions, started what became known
as Nat Turner's Rebellion or the Southampton Insurrection.
With the goal of freeing himself and others, Turner and his
followers killed approximately fifty men, women and children,
but they were eventually subdued by the militia.
Sectional tensions caused by the
institution of slavery
 Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Turner
and Gabriel Prosser
 Fed white Southerners’ fears about slave
rebellions
Sectional tensions caused by the
institution of slavery
 Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Turner
and Gabriel Prosser
 Fed white Southerners’ fears about slave
rebellions
 Led to harsh laws in the South against
fugitive slaves. Southerners who favored
abolition were intimidated into silence.
1839… the ship La Amistad is picked up and escorted to
Connecticut.
1839… the ship La Amistad is picked up and escorted to
Connecticut.
After two years, in 1841, the Supreme Court frees the Amistad
Slaves!
SOL Question!
Uprisings led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser
contributed to the Southern states’ decisions to
—
A pass harsh fugitive slave laws
B accept the Missouri Compromise
C enact Jim Crow legislation
D support the passing of higher tariffs
Abolition!
Abolition!
Abolition
The movement to abolish slavery
Many were working to abolish slavery and free all slaves
Harriet Tubman –
Former slave who escaped, returned
13 times to the Southern states to
free others.
Many were working to abolish slavery and free all slaves
Harriet Tubman –
Former slave who escaped, returned
13 times to the Southern states to
free others.
Underground
Railroad
The secret system of paths and safe
houses to run away to the Northern
states
Many were working to abolish slavery and free all slaves
Harriet Beecher Stowe –
Abolitionist
Wrote the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin in
1852, depicted the life and treatment
of slaves
Sold 300,000 in the first year and the
number 1 selling novel of the 1800s!
As more people learned of the harsh treatment of some
slaves many more people turned against the act of slavery
As more people learned of the harsh treatment of some
slaves many more people turned against the act of slavery
As more people learned of the harsh treatment of some
slaves many more people turned against the act of slavery
As more people learned of the harsh treatment of some
slaves many more people turned against the act of slavery
As more people learned of the harsh treatment of some
slaves many more people turned against the act of slavery
Missouri Compromise
Original 13 States
Rhode Island
New York
Virginia
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Connecticut
North Carolina
South Carolina
Maryland
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Georgia
Delaware
Free States
Slave States
Missouri Compromise
• The first thirteen colonies were almost
evenly divided between “slave” and “free”
states.
Original 13 States
Rhode Island
New York
Virginia
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Connecticut
North Carolina
South Carolina
Maryland
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Georgia
Delaware
Free States
Slave States
Missouri Compromise
• By 1819,
there were
22 states,
evenly
divided.
Original 13 States
Illinois (1818)
Indiana (1816)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803)
Vermont (1791)
Rhode Island
Louisiana (1812)
Tennessee (1796)
Kentucky (1792)
New York
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Connecticut
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Georgia
Delaware
Free States
Slave States
The Missouri Question - Northerners were against adding
Missouri to the union as a slave state because it would
disrupt the balance of power in Congress between slave and
free states.
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Balance of Free and
Slave States (1819)
Original 13 States
Indiana (1816)
Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803)
Vermont (1791)
Rhode Island
Louisiana (1812)
Tennessee (1796)
Kentucky (1792)
New York
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Connecticut
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Georgia
Delaware
Free States
Slave States
Balance of Free and Slave States (1821)
Missouri
Compromise
• Missouri was
admitted to the
union as a
slave state, and
Maine was
admitted as a
free state.
Original 13 States
Maine (1820)
Illinois (1818)
Indiana (1816)
Ohio (1803)
Missouri (1821)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791)
Rhode Island
New York
Tennessee (1796)
Kentucky (1792)
Virginia
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Connecticut
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
North Carolina
South Carolina
Maryland
Georgia
Delaware
Free States
Slave States
Balance of Free and Slave States (1821)
Missouri
Compromise
Maine (1820)
Illinois (1818)
Indiana (1816)
Ohio (1803)
Missouri (1821)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)
Pennsylvania
Delaware
• Missouri was
Tennessee (1796)
admitted to the Vermont (1791)
Rhode Island
Kentucky (1792)
union as a
Virginia
slave state, and New York
New Hampshire
North Carolina
Maine was
Massachusetts
South Carolina
admitted as a
This keptConnecticut
a balance of slave
and free
free state.
Maryland
states
New Jersey
Georgia
Original 13 States
Free States
Slave States
• An imaginary line was drawn across the southern
border of Missouri at the latitude 36 30'N.
36 , 30’
• Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana
Purchase south of the 36 , 30'N.
• Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for
Missouri.
Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or section
rather than to the whole country.
• Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana
Purchase south of the 36 , 30'N.
• Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for
Missouri.
This was known as the 36’30” line
Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or section
rather than to the whole country.
Objective: To examine the Compromise of 1850
and its effects
The United States Senate, A.D. 1850.
Free
States
Original
13
States
California (1850)
Wisconsin (1848)
Iowa (1846)
Michigan (1837)
Maine (1820)
Texas (1845)
Florida (1845)
Arkansas (1836)
Missouri (1821)
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Indiana (1816)
Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803)
Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791)
Tennessee (1796)
Rhode Island
Kentucky (1792)
New York
Virginia
New Hampshire
North Carolina
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Connecticut
Maryland
New Jersey
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Slave
States
Compromise of 1850
I. California became a free state.
Free
States
Original
13
States
California (1850)
Wisconsin (1848)
Iowa (1846)
Michigan (1837)
Maine (1820)
Texas (1845)
Florida (1845)
Arkansas (1836)
Missouri (1821)
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Indiana (1816)
Mississippi (1817)
Ohio (1803)
Louisiana (1812)
Vermont (1791)
Tennessee (1796)
Rhode Island
Kentucky (1792)
New York
Virginia
New Hampshire
North Carolina
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Connecticut
Maryland
New Jersey
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Slave
States
Compromise of 1850
I. California became a free state.
II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into
two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).
Compromise of 1850
I. California became a free state.
II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into
two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).
* people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to
decide on the slavery issue… (belief that the
authority of the state is created by the consent of its
people)
Compromise of 1850
I. California became a free state.
II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into
two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).
* people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to
decide on the slavery issue… (belief that the
authority of the state is created by the consent of its
people)
Popular Sovereignty
The people of the state get to vote
and choose
Compromise of 1850
I. California became a free state.
II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into
two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).
* people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to
decide on the slavery issue… (belief that the
authority of the state is created by the consent of its
people)This contradicted the Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
I. California became a free state.
II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into
two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).
* people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to
decide on the slavery issue… (belief that the
authority of the state is created by the consent of its
people)
III. The slave trade ends in Washington, D.C.
Compromise of 1850
I. California became a free state.
II. The rest of the Mexican Cession was divided into
two parts; Utah (UT) and New Mexico (NM).
* people in UT and NM used popular sovereignty to
decide on the slavery issue… (belief that the
authority of the state is created by the consent of its
people)
III. The slave trade ends in Washington, D.C.
IV. The Fugitive Slave Law was passed.
SOL Question!
Missouri’s admission to the Union started the
debate over —
A the right of deposit at New Orleans
B funding for internal improvements
C the balance between slave and free states
D the relocation of American Indians (First
Americans)
SOL Question!
Which of these states was admitted to the
Union before the Civil War?
A1
B2
C3
D4
SOL Question!
Before the Civil War, slavery was prohibited in
certain areas by the –
A Monroe Doctrine
B Dred Scott decision
C Kansas-Nebraska Act
D Missouri Compromise
The Fugitive Slave Law
Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive Slave Law Convention held on 21
and 22 August 1850; Frederick Douglass is seated at the
right side of the table.
The Fugitive Slave Law
• All Americans, by law, were
required to help catch
runaway slaves.
Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive Slave Law Convention held on 21
and 22 August 1850; Frederick Douglass is seated at the
right side of the table.
The Fugitive Slave Law
• All Americans, by law, were
required to help catch
runaway slaves.
• You could be fined and/or
imprisoned for helping a
runaway slave.
Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive Slave Law Convention held on 21
and 22 August 1850; Frederick Douglass is seated at the
right side of the table.
The Fugitive Slave Law
• All Americans, by law, were
required to help catch
runaway slaves.
• You could be fined and/or
imprisoned for helping a
runaway slave.
• This law infuriated
northerners!
Cazenovia, MA, Fugitive Slave Law Convention held on 21
and 22 August 1850; Frederick Douglass is seated at the
right side of the table.
Sectional tensions caused by the
institution of slavery
 Fugitive slave events pitted Southern
slave owners against outraged Northerners
who opposed returning escaped slaves to
bondage.
Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the Kansas – Nebraska Act.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
I. The Nebraska Territory was divided into two parts:
Nebraska (NE) and Kansas (KS).
Kansas-Nebraska Act
II. The people of each territory voted on whether or not to
allow slavery. (popular sovereignty)
* The Kansas-Nebraska Act violated the Missouri
Compromise. Both territories were north of 36 , 30’ N and
should NOT have been allowed to have slaves.
“Bleeding Kansas”
•Battles over slavery
broke out in Kansas
prompting many to name
it Bleeding Kansas
“Bleeding Kansas”
Before the vote on slavery:
• Northerners crossed the
border to keep KS a free
state.
• Southerners crossed the
border to make KS a slave
state.
• Both sides claimed
victory on the vote!
On May 19, 1856, Senator Charles Sumner, a
Massachusetts antislavery Republican, addressed the
Senate on the explosive issue of whether Kansas should
be admitted to the Union as a slave state or a free state.
In his speech, Sumner identified two Democratic
senators as the principal culprits in this crime—Stephen
Douglas of Illinois and Andrew Butler of South
Carolina.
He characterized Douglas to his face as a "noisesome, squat, and nameless animal . . . not a
proper model for an American senator.” Sumner
continued by mocking Senator Butler’s stance as
a man of chivalry, charging him with taking "a
mistress . . . who, though ugly to others, is always
lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the
world, is chaste in his sight—I mean” added
Sumner, "the harlot, Slavery.”
Representative Preston Brooks, Butler's South Carolina
kinsman, entered the Senate three days later and slammed
his metal-topped cane onto the unsuspecting Sumner's head
leaving him bloody and unconscious.
George S. Park, the founder
of Parkville, Missouri, and
owner of the Parkville
Luminary newspaper, dared
to speak out against the
actions of the "Border
Ruffians." As a result, they
took revenge by breaking
into the newspaper office
and throwing the printing
press into the nearby
Missouri River.
Territorial Governor Andrew
Reeder fled the territory disguised
as a woodcutter because the
proslavery Border Ruffians
threatened to hang him.
Pearl-handled sword of Col. Henry Theodore Titus, leader of
pro-slavery forces during “Bleeding Kansas”.
* In 1856, an abolitionist named John Brown murdered five
proslavery men.
* Over 200 people died in the fighting that followed.
The abolitionist John Brown lived
in Osawatomie, Kansas
Territory. Brown and his sons
were responsible for the brutal
murder of several proslavery men
near Pottawatomie, Kansas. The
men were called out of their
homes at night and hacked to
death with swords. This was just
one of many incidents that earned
Kansas Territory the name of
"Bleeding Kansas.”
Marais de Cygne Massacre
In May 1858, proslavery settlers executed a group of their
free state neighbors along the Marais de Cygne river in
southeastern Kansas Territory.
Objective: To examine the importance of the Lincoln –
Douglas debates and the Dred Scott decision.
Abraham
Lincoln
Dred Scott
Stephen
Douglas
Lincoln – Douglas
Debates
In 1858, Abraham
Lincoln challenged
incumbent Stephen
Douglas for his seat in
the Senate.
(Incumbent – the
holder of an office or
position)
Abraham Lincoln (left) and
Stephen Douglas (right)
Lincoln – Douglas
Debates
Stephen Douglas:
• Lincoln was wrong for
wanting to end slavery.
• If Lincoln tried to end
slavery, the U.S. could
face a civil war.
• Douglas believed that
each territory should be
able to decide on its’ own
whether or not to allow
slavery by using popular
sovereignty.
Lincoln – Douglas Debates
Abraham Lincoln:
Though he
believed these
• Lincoln believed
that African
things,
he
did
not,
Americans were guaranteed “life,
liberty, and the pursuit
of
at
the
time,
happiness”, as stated in the
Declaration of Independence.
advocate the
freeing of slaves.
• Lincoln believed that slavery
was evil and should be kept out of
the territories.
Lincoln – Douglas Debates
Results:
• Douglas won the election by a slim margin.
• However, Lincoln became well known throughout the
nation.
Dred Scott Decision - FACTS:
• Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri. (MO)
Dred Scott
Dred Scott Decision - FACTS:
• Scott and his owner moved to Wisconsin for four years.
Dred Scott
Dred Scott Decision - FACTS:
• Scott’s owner died after returning to Missouri.
Dred Scott
Dred Scott Decision - FACTS:
* Scott sued for his freedom. He claimed that he should
be a free man since he lived in a free territory (WI) for
four years.
Dred Scott
SUPREME COURT
DECISIONS:
Q: Was Scott a U.S.
citizen with the right to
sue?
A: NO
Q: Did living in a free
territory make Scott a
free man?
A: NO
Q: Did Congress have
the right to outlaw slavery
in any territory?
A: NO
RESULTS:
• Dred Scott was not given his freedom.
• The Missouri Compromise was found to be unconstitutional.
Open to
slavery
through
popular
sovereignty
(Compromis
e of 1850)
Missouri Compromise line is declared
unconstitutional (Dred Scott Decision)
Open to
slavery
through
popular
sovereignt
y (KS-NE
Act)
SOL Question….
What failed to carry out the ideals
expressed in the Declaration of
Independence?
A Bill of Rights
B Dred Scott decision
C 14th Amendment
D Voting Rights Act of 1965
Objective: To examine the immediate causes of the U.S. Civil
War.
John Brown’s Raid:
• In 1859, John Brown
and his followers
seized a federal
arsenal in Harpers
Ferry, Virginia.
John Brown in
August, 1859.
Harper’s Ferry
Interior view of the engine house at Harpers Ferry
during the siege.
View photos of eight members of Brown’s raiding party.
Engine house at Harpers Ferry.
Marines storm the engine house.
• Brown was caught and sentenced to death by hanging.
Brown as a wounded prisoner after his
capture.
Brown being carried from court to prison.
Last Moments of
John Brown
(painting by
Thomas Hovenden)
The hanging of John Brown.
Brown's grave in North Elba, New York
"Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit
my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and
mingle my blood further with the blood of millions in
this slave country whose rights are disregarded by
wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be
done."
--John Brown, statement at his sentencing on Nov.
2, 1859
"[John Brown is] that new
saint, than whom none
purer or more brave was
ever led by love of men
into conflict and death,-the new saint awaiting his
martyrdom, and who, if he
shall suffer, will make the
gallows glorious like the
cross."
--Ralph Waldo Emerson,
from his lecture
"Courage," delivered in
Boston on Nov. 8, 1859
Presidential Election of 1860:
Main Candidates
Abraham
Lincoln
(Republican)
Stephen
Douglas
(Northern
Democrat)
John
Breckinridge
(Southern
Democrat)
John Bell
(Constitutional
Union)
* Lincoln won the election.
Secession:
• In response to Lincoln’s victory, the southern states
seceded from the Union in 1861, forming the
Confederate States of America.
Original Confederate flag
Eventual Confederate
flag
Secession:
• In response to Lincoln’s victory, the southern states
seceded from the Union in 1861, forming the
Confederate States of America.
Secession
Original Confederate flag
Eventual Confederate
withdraw from
flag the
To choose to
United States
• Jefferson Davis
was named the
president of the
Confederacy.
• Jefferson Davis
was named the
president of the
Confederacy.
Their capital was
located in
Richmond, Virginia
Civil War: Union v. Confederacy
Fort Sumter
• Fort Sumter,
South Carolina,
was important
because it
guarded
Charleston
harbor
• Therefore, the
Confederates
attacked,
defeating the
Union soldiers.
* The Civil War had now begun!
Ruffin, Pvt. Edmund, Confederate
soldier who fired the first shot against
Fort Sumter
Anderson, Maj. Robert, defender of Fort
Sumter
Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor
April 12 and 13, 1861
Fort Sumter, S.C., April 4, 1861, under the Confederate flag.