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Y P O C R U O Y G N I T E L P M O C D N A S N O I T P A C H T I W EADLINES H k o o b r a e Y ITE SU Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 1 6/25/14 7:36 AM Copyright 2014 by Walsworth Yearbooks All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Published in the United States of America by Walsworth Inc., Marceline, Mo. Corporate Office: 306 North Kansas Ave., Marceline, MO 64658 800-265-6795 Yearbook Sales and Marketing Office: 7300 West 110th Street, Suite 600, Overland Park, KS 66210 800-369-2965 For more information about this curriculum guide or any other Walsworth products and services, visit walsworthyearbooks.com or call 800-972-4968. Acknowledgments Renee Burke, MJE, Yearbook Adviser, Boone High School, Orlando, Fla., and unit author Sabrina Schmitz, Walsworth Yearbooks Sales Representative Alex Blackwell, Vice President of Communications and Marketing Kristin Mateski, Manager, Yearbook Marketing Jamie Chambers, Design and Creative Concepting Supervisor Casey Green, Graphic Designer Elizabeth Braden, CJE, Communications Editor Evan Blackwell, Copywriter T. Edward “Blaze” Hayes, Area Sales Manager Mike Taylor, Journalism Specialist Consultants Cheryl Franzmann, CJE, Walsworth Yearbooks Sales Representative Mary Czech, Walsworth Yearbooks Sales Representative Lisa Green, Walsworth Yearbooks Sales Representative Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 2 6/25/14 7:36 AM MJE School , e k r u h ee B ne Hig Yearb Y P O C R U O GY N I T E L D P N M A CO S N O I T P A HC By Roeonk Adviser, Boo WIT EADLINES H ENT WORKBOOK STUD Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 3 6/25/14 7:36 AM Yearbook Suite | Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 4 6/25/14 7:36 AM walsworthyearbooks.com walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 1 Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines | Yearbook Suite 1 6/25/14 7:36 AM Lesson 1 Writing Great Captions Objectives – In this lesson, you will learn: How to write quality, informational captions that identify people and events How to write informative captions creatively so people will want to read them Each year when schools are planning coverage and how to best write a story, there are always yearbook staffs who say, “Why do we write body copy? No one reads it.” While it may be true that not everyone reads it immediately, people will read it when they are reminiscing or before a reunion. However, you cannot use that same defense against caption writing. Photos are the largest, most-seen graphics in the yearbook. If the photo has stopped the reader, he will read the caption to know the story. Captions are small bits of information given to the reader in digestible chunks. They tell the reader all the factual information they need to know about the photo. To make it more personal, they can include a quote from someone in the photo. So, all of the good rules you’ve been taught will still ring true for caption writing. You still need to attend events, interview those involved and stick to the facts. Once you know the 5Ws and H – Who, What, When Where, Why and How – captions write themselves. 2 Taking aim. All captions need to explain the who, what, when, where, why and how to put the reader in the moment the photo was taken. In this case, think about the information for a reader who does not know the game of water polo. A quote about what the player was thinking would be a nice touch as the last sentence. Yearbook Suite | Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 2 6/25/14 7:36 AM WRITING A CAPTION IS AS EASY AS ABCD! ATTENTION GETTER BASIC INFO An attention getter (A) is like a mini headline. It’s a direct link from the caption to the photo it is describing. Basic information (B) is a present-tense sentence telling who is in the photo (name up to seven people) and what he or they are doing. walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 3 COMPLIMENTARY INFO DIRECT QUOTE Complimentary information (C) is a past-tense sentence telling the reader something he cannot see from the photo itself, like how much money was raised in the fundraiser or who won the game. A Direct quote (D) should be a unique quote from someone in the photo discussing an aspect of the event in the photo. This should not be a fact. Get quotable quotes. How did the person FEEL? Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines | Yearbook Suite 3 6/25/14 7:36 AM Answer the question. In this case the question is, what is he doing? The student is testing electrical boards to ensure they were safe to use and would turn on the light bulb. KNOW THE DO’S... • List three to five words that grab the reader’s attention and link the photo and caption together • Lead-in states the obvious in an unobvious way DO • Include the five Ws and H • Use a variety of adjectives and adverbs • Be descriptive • Use strong, visual specific nouns • Consider the action before and during the photo and reaction to the event • Use colorful, lively, visual action verbs • Write in present tense, active voice (unless changing tenses to make it logical) • Be factual • Use a variety of sentence patterns • Identify all people in picture (up to seven) • Use complete sentences • Use first and last names 4 Yearbook Suite | Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 4 6/25/14 7:36 AM KNOW THE DON’TS... • Don’t state the obvious • Don’t begin leads with names or overuse same lead pattern • Don’t use label leads (example: basketball girls, swimmers, etc.) DON’T • Don’t use an excessive amount of –ing verbs • Avoid “During” to begin your lead as it’s overused • Don’t use “Pictured/Showed Above,” “Seems/Attempts to” • Avoid using “to be” verbs • Don’t use “gag” or joke captions • Don’t comment or question the action in the picture; you are telling the reader what happened, not conversing with him How does it feel? You probably know what it is like to stick your hand inside a pumpkin. Let your caption help readers experience what is going on in the photo, in this case, feeling the slime like this student did. walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 5 Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines | Yearbook Suite 5 6/25/14 7:36 AM SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPORTS CAPTIONS • Identify both schools’ players and opponents by jersey number and name • State position of the player(s) • Consider plays leading up to the action • Tell the result or outcome FOR GROUP SHOTS (TEAM PHOTOS OR CLUB GROUP PICTURES) • Begin with name of group • Identify from left to right, but don’t write that as part of the caption • Give clear row designation in a different font than text (CHEERLEADING Front: Name Here, Name Here. Row 2: Name Here, Name Here. Back: Name Here, Name Here.) HELPFUL HINTS • Attend the event and know what you are writing about • Write the caption as soon as possible after the picture was taken • Identify everyone in the photo • Describe what is happening in the exact moment of the photo • Give your photo a timeframe • Avoid passive voice • Don’t add unnecessary phrases such as “left to right” or “pictured above” • Check and recheck the spelling of the names and text • NEVER make up information – it is journalistically wrong! 6 Yearbook Suite | Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 6 6/25/14 7:36 AM ACTIVITY Your Name: ........................................................................................................................ CRITIQUE CAPTIONS Take a newspaper section, magazine or go to an online news site. Find three photos with captions. Write down the captions and respond to the two items CAPTION 1: ........................................................................................................................ CAPTION 2: ........................................................................................................................ CAPTION 3: ........................................................................................................................ 1. Critique the captions. How could each caption be improved? Is anything missing from the captions? ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ 2. Rewrite the captions with the information provided in the current caption and/or the accompanying story. Remember to keep them factual. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 7 Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines | Yearbook Suite 7 6/25/14 7:36 AM ACTIVITY Your Name: ........................................................................................................................ WRITE THE CAPTIONS Here are two photos with background information provided so you can write the caption. Remember your ABCDs. Write your caption on the lines provided. CAPTION 1 – MUSICAL CHAIRS __ Juniors Jessica Peterson (left) and Mary Lopez (right) __ Participate in blindfolded musical chairs at the first pep rally of the year __ It was 97 degrees outside and two people suffered from heat exhaustion __ This was a competition between the classes __ Occurred on Sept. 6 __ “I couldn’t see so I sat really quickly on someone and when I looked, it was Mary [my best friend], so it was the perfect person to sit on. It just stunk I was still out,” Peterson said. __ “The music ended so quickly. I just sat as quickly as I could. I thought it was so funny that Jessica ended up on my lap,” Lopez said. __ The seniors won this event. .. ...................................................................................................................... .. ...................................................................................................................... .. ...................................................................................................................... .. ...................................................................................................................... .. ...................................................................................................................... .. ...................................................................................................................... .. ...................................................................................................................... 8 Yearbook Suite | Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 8 6/25/14 7:36 AM CAPTION 2 – ACTOR __ Junior Clark Thornton plays a townsman who has an ailing back. __ This was the drama department’s production of Anatomy of Gray. __ The production ran Oct. 4, 5 and 6 at 7 p.m. in the school’s auditorium (unnamed). __ Debra Christopher, a former student, directed the play. __ This program earned the troop four Critic’s Choice Awards and 10 Best in Show awards at the district competition. __ “Being able to play a crazy man was so much fun,” Thornton said. __ “Through staging, I get to see every actor almost as a unique chess piece, and it’s the director’s job to play the game with the pieces and play it well,” Christopher said. __ The setting was Gary, Indiana, in the 1800s. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 9 Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines | Yearbook Suite 9 6/25/14 7:36 AM CAPTION CHECKLIST . ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. ............................ .. Now that you’ve written a few captions, swap with a peer. Evaluate and critique each other’s caption writing. See how much you remembered. CAPTION 1 – MUSICAL CHAIRS __ Makes a creative caption/photo connection (Attention getter) __ Present tense sentence identifies who (everyone in photo) and describes what is happening in each photo. (Basic info) __ Past tense sentence takes reader beyond moment of photos. (Complimentary info) __ Quotes are interesting and not just facts. (Direct quote) __ Caption is factual. __ Avoids editorializing, school name, and terms like: this year, apparently, seemingly __ Written in third person (no you, us, we, our) __ In active, not passive voice verb. __ Spelling, grammar, and punctuation are correct. __ Doesn’t begin with name or -ing __ Overall captions are positive and interesting. ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... ..................................................................................................... ................... 10 Yearbook Suite | Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 10 6/25/14 7:36 AM CAPTION CHECKLIST (CONT.) ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................ ....................... . CAPTION 2 – ACTOR __ Makes a creative caption/photo connection (Attention getter) __ Present tense sentence identifies who (everyone in photo) and describes what is happening in each photo. (Basic info) __ Past tense sentence takes reader beyond moment of photos. (Complimentary info) __ Quotes are interesting and not facts. (Direct quote) __ Caption is factual. __ Avoids editorializing, school name, and terms like: this year, apparently, seemingly __ Written in third person (no you, us, we, our) __ In active, not passive voice verb. __ Spelling, grammar, and punctuation are correct. __ Doesn’t begin with name or -ing __ Overall captions are positive and interesting. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. .......................................... .............................................................................. Lesson 1 RATE YOUR PROGRESS ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................ ......... ..................... 4.0 I can do all tasks in 3.0 and I can teach others! 3.0 I can demonstrate an ability to write an effective caption that includes all four parts. I can... a. select and integrate relevant facts and concrete details into clear and coherent sentences that tell the story of the picture b. use sensory language and details to create lively, colorful sentences that engage the reader and communicate the message of the picture c. acquire a story-telling quote that enhances the message of the caption and conveys emotion I can demonstrate a command of the conventions and mechanics of standard English and can apply this understanding to writing concise and complete story-telling captions. 2.0 I understand the purpose of a caption, but I still struggle to complete all parts of the caption effectively, including how to organize and synthesize all the information into sentences that tell one cohesive story. 1.0 I don’t understand the purpose of a caption or the parts of an effective caption. walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 11 Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines | Yearbook Suite 11 6/25/14 7:36 AM Lesson 2 Writing Intriguing Headlines Objectives – In this lesson, you will learn: How to write factual headlines that do not editorialize How to write creative headlines that will make people want to look at the spread and read the story You know that story you slaved over to make sure it was just perfect? Remember how many edits you made? Want someone to just skip right past it? Probably not. You need a headline that grabs the reader’s attention. It should be creative, catchy, visual, understandable and powerful. You want the “wow factor” on each one. TO GET STARTED, REMEMBER: Headlines help draw the reader into your spread. They will grab a reader’s attention and make him want to stop and read your story. These days, headlines work with the dominant photo and the story, not the entire spread’s focus. Be creative but unique to the year you are writing about. The headline shouldn’t be so general you could use it any time. Legend, William R. Boone High School, Orlando, Fla. 12 Yearbook Suite | Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 12 6/25/14 7:36 AM GUIDELINES TO GET YOU STARTED • Make sure the headline tells the story • Be positive; focus on what happened, not what didn’t (but avoid opinion) • Be descriptive, but brief • Use strong, visual-specific nouns • Use visual action verbs • Write in present tense, active voice • Try to have a subject, verb and direct object, but not prepositional phrases, which often make headlines too long OK OK TEAM SEEKS STATE TITLE .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. .............. NOT TEAM RUNS TOWARD STATE TITLE NOT OK .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................................... ......... OK Spend time brainstorming, just like you do for the actual copy: Is there a clever play on words you can use? OLE MIStake – Story about the Gators loss to Ole Miss in an error-filled game EYE have amoeba – Story about a student who got amoeba in her eye from swimming in a lake and had to have it treated Alliteration? Students spent Saturday saving school – Story about club members who spend a Saturday cleaning up campus after a storm Quote? ‘Pray for rain’ – Story about players who practice in 100-degree August heat and want afternoon relief from the rain – taken from player quote walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 13 Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines | Yearbook Suite 13 6/25/14 7:36 AM TRY TO AVOID • Articles: a, an, the • And – replace it with a comma (example: Staff, students choose longer school day) • Names unless they’re really well known • Label leads (example: Girls soccer earns title – it’s the girls soccer page, obviously you aren’t writing about the football team on this spread.) • Present tense, since headlines are what the story IS about • Repetition of words, especially key words • Beginning with a verb – it usually sounds like a command • Asking questions – headlines provide information about the story’s content • Periods – they stop a reader. A headline is meant to pull people into the story quickly. • Omit forms of the verb be – write in active voice HEADLINE TYPES: Other types of headline styles include kickers, slammers and hammers. KICKER – A kicker headline has a word or phrase that labels the topic and leads into the main headline. The items leading the reader in are usually smaller in font size and weight. They’re back in the spotlight JELLY SHOES STEP INTO FASHION WEEK HAMMER – A hammer headline is the opposite of a kicker. It uses a bold phrase or word to catch the reader’s attention, the adds more information below. JELLIN’ Twenty years after their debut, plastic shoes are fashionable again SLAMMER – A slammer headline uses a boldface word or phrase that leads the reader into a contrasting main headline. There is usually a colon after the initial words. JELLY SHOES: STEP INTO FASHION WORLD 14 Yearbook Suite | Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 14 6/25/14 7:36 AM ACTIVITY Your Name: ........................................... ............................................................................. FIND HEADLINE EXAMPLES Look through the daily newspaper or a magazine. Find a good example of a headline with each of the following: HAS A SUBJECT, VERB, DIRECT OBJECT A CLEVER PLAY ON WORDS ALLITERATION QUOTE Paste these below or on to a sheet of paper and add to an idea file to keep for future inspiration. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 15 Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines | Yearbook Suite 15 6/25/14 7:36 AM ACTIVITY Your Name: ........................................................................................................................ CRITIQUING HEADLINES Wait, what did that just say? Yep, these really happened. These are real headlines found in a variety of newspapers or ads. What’s wrong with them? 1. WE GIVE OUR PATIENTS H1N1 2. POLICE BEGIN CAMPAIGN TO RUN DOWN JAYWALKERS 3. TWO SISTERS REUNITED AFTER 18 YEARS IN CHECKOUT COUNTER 4. KIDS MAKE NUTRITIOUS SNACKS 5. NEVER WITHHOLD INFECTION FROM LOVED ONE 6. RED TAPE HOLDS UP NEW BRIDGE 7. BAN ON SOLICITING DEAD IN TROTWOOD 8. LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS CUT IN HALF 9. DEAF COLLEGE OPENS DOORS TO HEARING 10. PROSECUTOR RELEASES PROBE INTO UNDERSHERIFF 16 Yearbook Suite | Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 16 6/25/14 7:36 AM ACTIVITY Your Name: ........................................................................................................................ I CAN WRITE IT BETTER Critique each of the following headlines. What error did the writer make that should be avoided for a better headline? 1. CALENDAR ANNOUNCED BY SGA FOR HOMECOMING ACTIVITIES 2. ENGLISH TEACHERS INCORPORATE CHANGED IN LANGUAGE ARTS CURRICULUM 3. WIN STATE TITLE 4. BRAVES DEFEATED CONFERENCE RIVAL 5. THE SGA COLLECTED 2500 POUNDS OF CANNED GOOD 6. THOMPSON LEADS TEAM TO VICTORY 7. BOYS BASKETBALL BEATS OPPONENTS 8. GRIDMEN DEFEAT OPPONENTS EASILY 9. CO-CAPTAINS GUIDE THE TEAM TO WINS 10. CAN YOU USE ALL THE NEW TECHNOLOGY? walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 17 Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines | Yearbook Suite 17 6/25/14 7:36 AM . ....................................................................................................................... NOTES! . ....................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................... . ....................................................................................................................... Lesson 2 RATE YOUR PROGRESS ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................................... .............................. 4.0 I can do all tasks in 3.0 and I can teach others! 3.0 I can demonstrate an ability to write a concise and effective headline that can be used in various styles and can convey the essence of the story. I can... a. use precise language and vocabulary to create a relatable and easily understandable headline b. use sensory language and details to create lively, colorful phrases that engage the reader and communicate the message of the story vv write positive headlines that are either derived from quotes or utilize alliteration or word-play I can demonstrate a command of the conventions and mechanics of standard English and can apply this understanding to writing attention-grabbing, fact-based headlines. 2.0 I understand the purpose of a headline to hook a reader, but I still struggle to understand the headline styles and how to communicate a complicated message in such a concise format. 1.0 I don’t understand the purpose of a headline or how to write an effective headline. 18 Yearbook Suite | Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 18 6/25/14 7:36 AM MEET THE AUTHOR ........................................... ............................................................................. Renee Burke, NBCT, MJE, is yearbook and newspaper adviser at William R. Boone High School in Orlando, Fla. Renee is the 2012 Orange County Public Schools Teacher of the Year, 2011 Florida Scholastic Press Association Journalism Teacher of the Year, and a 2011 Columbia Scholastic Press Association (CSPA) Gold Key recipient. She also teaches national yearbook workshops and coordinates the Camp Orlando summer workshop for yearbooks and newspapers. Both publications have earned CSPA Crown awards and been a National Scholastic Press Association Pacemaker Finalist; the 2011 yearbook earned a CSPA Gold Crown and a Pacemaker. walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 19 Completing Copy with Captions and Headlines | Yearbook Suite 19 6/25/14 7:36 AM customer service 800.972.4968 computer support 800.369.1530 walsworthyearbooks.com Captions & Headlines - Student Version.indd 20 6/25/14 7:36 AM